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Bones of the Skeleton
The major bones and features of the axial and appendicular skeleton
75
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/29/2014

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Term
Axial Skeleton
Definition
80 bones; includes bones of skull, auditory, hyoid bone, ribs, sternum and vertebrae
Term
Appendicular Skeleton
Definition
126 bones; includes bones of upper and lower extremities and bone girdles that connect to limb or axial skeleton
Term
Skull
Definition
contains 22 bones; most are in pairs
Term
Cranial Bones
Definition
8 bones; form cranial cavity that protects brain
Term
Frontal Bone
Definition
forms forehead
Term
Parietal Bones
Definition
2 bones; form sides and roof of cranial cavity
Term
Temporal Bones
Definition
2 bones; form lower sides of cranium and TMJ; contains the mastoid and styloid processes
Term
Occipital Bone
Definition
forms posterior and base of cranium; contains foramen magnum, which houses the brain stem
Term
Sphenoid Bone
Definition
middle bse of skull, connects to all other cranial bones; contains sella turcica, which holds pituitary
Term
Ethmoid Bone
Definition
spongy bone on anterior part of cranial floor; contains cribiform plate, which has holes for olfactory nerves
Term
Facial Bones
Definition
14 bones
Term
Nasal Bones
Definition
2 bones; form bridge of nose and support nose
Term
Maxillae
Definition
upper jawbone
Term
Palatine Bones
Definition
2 bones; the hard palate on the roof of the mouth
Term
Mandible
Definition
lower jawbone; strongest facial bone
Term
Zygomatic Bones
Definition
2 bones; cheek bones (arch)
Term
Lacrimal Bones
Definition
2 bones; smallest bones on face, teardrop bones
Term
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Definition
2 bones; in the nasal cavity; helps filtrate air
Term
Vomer
Definition
triangular bone on the floor of the nasal cavity
Term
Hyoid Bone
Definition
located in the throat; technically not part of face or skull; suspended from the styloid processes by ligaments and anchors to the tongue
Term
Auditory Bones
Definition
malleus (hammer), incus (anvil) and stapes (stirrup)
Term
Sutures
Definition
slightly moveable joints, located only between skull bones
Term
Coronal Suture
Definition
unites frontal bone and two parietal bones
Term
Sagittal Suture
Definition
unites two parietal bones
Term
Lambdoid Suture
Definition
unites parietal bones to occipital bone
Term
Squamous Suture
Definition
unites parietal bones to temporal bones
Term
Paranasal Sinuses
Definition
located in skull bones near nasal cavity, lines with mucous membranes
Term
Fontanels
Definition
formed from hardening of "soft spots" on the fetal cranium
Term
Vertebral Column
Definition
26 bones
Term
Cervical Vertebrae
Definition
7 bones; neck region, atlas holds head
Term
Thoracic Vertebrae
Definition
12 bones; posterior to thoracic cavity, each vertebrae has a pair of ribs that attach to either side
Term
Lumbar Vertebrae
Definition
5 bones; supports low back
Term
Sacrum
Definition
five vertebrae fuse to form 1 bone
Term
Coccyx
Definition
four vertebrae fuse to form 1 bone
Term
Intervertebral Discs
Definition
located in between each vertebrae; have an outer ring of fibrocartilage and a highly elastic interior
Term
Lordosis
Definition
cervical and lumbar curves; convex
Term
Kyphosis
Definition
thoracic and sacral curves; concave
Term
Vertebral Body
Definition
thick disc-shaped portion that bears weight
Term
Vertebral Arch
Definition
extends backward from body, lamina extends with a sharp slender projection
Term
Transverse Processes
Definition
2; on both sides of vertebrae
Term
Spinous Process
Definition
in the center of the vertebrae
Term
Superior/Inferior Articular Processes
Definition
2 each
Term
Facets
Definition
covered in hyaline cartilage to glide over vertebrae above and below
Term
Sternum
Definition
flat, narrow breast bone; connects to clavicle and upper ribs on anterior side of thoracic cage
Term
Sternum
Definition
3 portions- manubrium, body and xiphoid process
Term
True Ribs
Definition
first 7 pairs of ribs attached to sternum
Term
False Ribs
Definition
3 pairs indirectly attached to sternum through costal cartilage
Term
Floating Ribs
Definition
last 2 pairs in posterior thorax
Term
Scapula
Definition
posterior, shoulder blade; comprised of the acromion process and coracoid
Term
Clavicle
Definition
anterior, collarbone; contains the acromioclavicular (AC) joint
Term
Upper/Lower Limb
Definition
30 bones each
Term
Humerus
Definition
arm bone; largest bone of upper limb
Term
Ulna
Definition
longer than radius; medial aspect, little finger side at wrist
Term
Radius
Definition
lateral aspect, thumb side at wrist
Term
Carpals
Definition
8 small bones of the wrist, held together by ligaments
Term
Metacarpals
Definition
5 on each hand; attach from wrist to phalanges, heads are known as knuckles
Term
Phalanges
Definition
14 in each hand and foot
Term
Pubic Symphysis
Definition
cartilaginous joint in front by which hip bones are united
Term
Pelvis
Definition
basin-like structure; 3 parts- ilium, ischium and pubis
Term
Ilium
Definition
largest two parts of the pelvic girdle
Term
Ischium
Definition
lower portion of hipbone, ring-like structure
Term
Pubis
Definition
anterior and inferior part of hipbone
Term
Femur
Definition
thigh bone; longest, heaviest, strongest weight bearing bone in the body
Term
Patella
Definition
kneecap; sesamoid bone
Term
Tibia
Definition
shinbone; large, thick weight bearing bone; contains the medial malleolus
Term
Fibula
Definition
parallel and lateral to tibia; small thin bone; contains the lateral malleolus
Term
Tarsus
Definition
ankle region; contains tarsals
Term
Tarsals
Definition
7 bones held together by ligaments; includes calcaneous (heel bone)
Term
Metatarsals
Definition
5 on each foot; connect between ankle and toes
Term
Diarthrosis
Definition
freely movable joint
Term
Amphiarthrosis
Definition
slightly moveable joint
Term
Synarthrosis
Definition
mostly immovable joint
Term
Synovial Joints
Definition
synovial cavity, filled with fluid, is present between the articulating bones; freely moveable (diarthrotic)
Term
Cartilaginous Joints
Definition
articulating bones are tightly connected by cartilage; little or no movement (synarthrotic)
Term
Fibrous Joints
Definition
articulating bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue; little or no movement (synarthrotic)
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