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Bones of pelvic girdle and legs
Ex. 11 - bones of pelvic girdle and legs
67
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/15/2011

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Term
Bones of Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
Definition
Ilium, Ischium, Pubis, Coxal Bones, Sacrum, Coccyx, Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
Term
Coxal Bone - name bones forming it
Definition
ilium, ischium, and pubis
Term
Ilium - name features
Definition
auricular surface, sacroiliac joint, iliac crest, arcuate line, greater sciatic notch, iliac fossa, anterior superior iliac spine, posterior inferior iliac spine; Large flaring bone, forms the major portion of the coxal bone (superior bone).
Term
Auricular surface of ilium
Definition
surface of ilium that connects posteriorly to sacrum at sacroiliac joint
Term
Sacroiliac joint of ilium
Definition
joint connecting the auricular surface of ilium with sacrum
Term
Iliac crest of ilium
Definition
superior margin of the iliac bone; it is rough. Hands on hips - feeling iliac crest.
Term
Arcuate line of ilium
Definition
prominent riddge outlining the pelvic inlet (pelvic brim) - like lip on bowl
Term
Greater sciatic notch of ilium
Definition
superior sciatic notch, allows nerves and BVs to pass to and from the thigh. The sciatic nerve passes through greater sciatic notch.
Term
Iliac fossa of ilium
Definition
shallow fossa forms internal surface of ilium.
Term
Anterior superior iliac spine of ilium
Definition
anterior and superior termination point of iliac crest
Term
Posterior superior iliac spine ilium
Definition
posterior and superior termation point of iliac crest
Term
Anterior inferior iliac spine of ilium
Definition
spine located inferior to anterior superior iliac spine
Term
Posterior inferior iliac spine of ilium
Definition
spine located inferior to posterior superior iliac spine
Term
Ischium - name features
Definition
Ischial tuberosity, Ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch, ischial ramus; "sit-down" bone forming most inferior and posterior portion of coxal bone.
Term
Ischial tuberosity of ischium
Definition
rough, most outstanding marking on the ischium; receives weight of body when sitting.
Term
ischial spine of ischium
Definition
superior to the ischial tuberosity and forms projection just above lesser sciatic notch; landmark of pelvic cavity
Term
lesser sciatic notch of ischium
Definition
inferior of two sciatic notches, allows nerves and BVs to pass to and from the thigh.
Term
ischial ramus of ischium
Definition
projection from ischium; posterior of the 2 rami that form obturator foramen.
Term
Pubis - name features
Definition
pubic crest, pubic symphysis, pubic tubercle, pubic ramus; most anterior portion of coxal bone.
Term
Pubic crest of pubis
Definition
anterior meeting point of the two pubic bones
Term
Pubic symphysis
Definition
cartilagenous joint joining two pubic bones
Term
pubic tubercle
Definition
located at lateral end of pubic crest; inguinal ligament attaches
Term
pubic ramus
Definition
projection from pubic bone, forms anterior portion of bar of bone that encloses the obturator foramen
Term
Markings that include portions of more than one region of coxal bone
Definition
obturator foramen, acetabulum, pelvic inlet, pelvic outlet, pubic arch, bony pelvis (coxal bones, sacrum, coccyx)
Term
obturator foramen
Definition
BVs and nerves run from pelvic cavity into thigh.
Term
Acetabulum
Definition
ilium, ischium, and pubis fuse here; socket receiving head of femur.
Term
Femur - name features
Definition
Head, neck, fovea capitis, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, lateral and medial condyles, lateral and medial epicondyles, intercondylar fossa, patellar surface, intertrochanteric crest/line, adductor tubercle; sole bone of thigh, heaviest strongest bone in body.
Term
Head of femur
Definition
ball-like, articulates with coxal bone at acetabulum
Term
Neck of femur
Definition
short constricted area that carries the head and angles laterally to join the shaft. Weakest part of femur - common fracture site
Term
Fovea capitis of femur
Definition
small obvious central pit in head of femur from which a small lifament runs to the acetabulum.
Term
Greater trochanter of femur
Definition
1 of 2 projections where neck of femur meets shaft - greater is superior and larger.
Term
Lesser trochanter of femur
Definition
1 of 2 projections where neck of femur meets shaft- lesser is inferior and smaller
Term
intertrochanteric crest/line of femur
Definition
crest separates trochanters posteriorly and line separates anteriorly
Term
Gluteal tuberosity of femur
Definition
ridge running from b/w trochanters down bone. Connection point for muscle.
Term
Linea aspera of femur
Definition
appears to be end of gluteal tuberosity (ridge-like I think). Connection site for muscle.
Term
Lateral and medial condyles of femur
Definition
termation points of femur where knee joint occurs - articulate with tibia below and patellar surface - appear to project posteriorly just a bit
Term
lateral and medial epicondyles of femur
Definition
small projections on lateral and medial sides of distal femur; separated by intercondylar fossa. Appear to project medially and laterally rather than posteriorly (as condyles do).
Term
intercondylar fossa of femur
Definition
separate the lateral and medial epicondyles
Term
patellar surface of femur
Definition
forms joint with the patella anteriorly
Term
adductor tubercle of femur
Definition
bump on superior part of the medial epicondyle to which large adductor magnus muscle attaches.
Term
Patella - name features
Definition
Apex, anterior surface, posterior surface; triangular sesamoid bone enclosed in the quadriceps tendon which secures anterior thigh muscles to tibia. Guards knee joint and improves leverage of the thigh muscles acting across knee joint.
Term
apex of patella
Definition
inferior tip of triangular patella - anterior
Term
anterior surface of patella
Definition
roughened surface, protects knee joint
Term
posterior surface of patella
Definition
smooth interior surface of patella with facets for condyles of femur and a surface for patellar ligament
Term
Tibia - name features
Definition
medial and lateral condyles, intercondylar eminence, tibial tuberosity, anterior crest (anterior border), medial malleolus. Larger and more medial of two legbones (shinbone)
Term
medial and lateral condyles of tibia
Definition
2 condyles at the proximal end of tibia; receive the distal end of the femur to form knee joint.
Term
intercondylar eminence of tibia
Definition
separate the medial and lateral condyles of tibia
Term
tibial tuberosity
Definition
roughened protursion on the anterior tibial surface just below condyles; attachment site of the patellar ligament
Term
anterior crest (anterior border) of tibia
Definition
sharepened ridge that is relatively unprotected by muscles - easily felt beneath skin
Term
medial malleolus of tibia
Definition
processes at distal end of tibia; forms medial bulge of ankle
Term
Fibula - name features
Definition
head, lateral malleolus; parallel to tibia, takes no part in forming knee joint; thin and stick-like with a sharp anterior crest.
Term
head of fibula
Definition
proximal end articulates with lateral condyle of the tibia
Term
lateral malleolus of fibula
Definition
distal point of termination; forms lateral bulge of ankle.
Term
Tarsals - name them
Definition
Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, medial cuneiform (7 of them)
Term
calcaneus
Definition
heel bone - 1 of the 2 largest of the tarsals
Term
talus
Definition
lies between tibia and calcaneus - 1 of the 2 largest of the tarsals
Term
navicular
Definition
anterior to talus
Term
cuboid
Definition
lateral to navicular and lateral cuneiform; just behind metatarsals 4 and 5
Term
lateral cuneiform
Definition
behind metatarsal 3; between cuboid (lateral) and intermediate cuneiform (medial)
Term
intermediate cuneiform
Definition
behind metatarsal 2; in front of navicular and between lateral and medial cuneiforms
Term
medial cuneiform
Definition
behind metatarsal 1; medial to intermediate cuneiform
Term
Arches of foot
Definition
Transverse, Medial longitudinal, Lateral longitudinal
Term
transverse arch of foot
Definition
arch that comes tranversally across foot
Term
medial longitudinal arch of foot
Definition
medial arch that runs length of foot
Term
lateral longitudinal arch of foot
Definition
lateral arch that runs length of foot
Term
metatarsals
Definition
numbered 1-5 from medial to lateral
Term
phalanges of foot
Definition
numbered 1-5, medial to lateral, named proximal middle and distal (except hallux, which has no middle)
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