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Bones and Muscles
bones and musles
27
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/06/2011

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Cards

Term
Bone Tissue
Definition
Osseous Connective Tissue in which the matrix is hardened by calcium phosphate by calcification.
Term
Examples of Appendicular Skeleton
Definition
Arms, Legs, Chest, Hip
Term
Bone as an organ
Definition
Osseous tissue, blood, bone marrow, cartilage, adipose tissue, nervous tissue, and fibrous connective tissue
Term
What is diaphysis
Definition
Bone shaft
Term
What is epiphysis?
Definition
Expanded head at each end of the bone.
Term
What is metaphysis?
Definition
A transitional zoneĀ  facing the marrow cavity where cartilage is being replaced by bone.
Term
What is compact bone?
Definition
Concentric lamellae, central canal, osteon
Term
What is spongy bone?
Definition
lattice of delicate slivers of bone called spicules (rods) and trabeculae (thin plates). Spongelike appearance.
Term
What is diploe?
Definition
Spongy bone tissue containing fluid filled spaces
Term
What is the medullary cavity?
Definition
The bone marrow cavity - contains bone marrow.
Term
What is nutrient foramen?
Definition
Small holes where blood vessels penetrate into the bone.
Term
What is articular cartilage?
Definition
The joint surface where one bone meets another is covered with a layer of hyalin cartilage called articular cartilage.
Term
What is periosteum?
Definition
A sheath covering the bone.
Term
What is endosteum?
Definition
Lining the internal surface of a bone, a thin layer of reticular connective tissue with cells that dissolve osseus tissue and others that deposit it.
Term
What is epiphyseal plate?
Definition
In children and adolescents an epiphyseal plate of hyaline cartilage searates the marrow spaces of the epiphysis and diaphysis. On x-rays it appears as a transparent line.
Term
What are perforating (sharpy) fibers?
Definition
Collagen fibers that penetrate into the bone matrix.
Term
How many types of bone cells are there?
Definition
4
Term
What are the names of the bone cells?
Definition

Osteogenic

Osteoblasts

Osteocytes

Osteoclasts

Term
What are osteogenic cells?
Definition

Location: endosteum, inner layer of periosteum, central canals. Function: Provide the source of new bone cells, DIVIDE to form osteoblasts.

Term
What are Osteoblast cells?
Definition
Location: Inner layer of edosteum and periosteum. Functions: Synthesize collagen, mineralize bone, form lacunae, do NOT divide.
Term
What are osteocytes?
Definition
Former Osteoblasts cells, Remain connected to other osteocytes by GAP JUNCTIONS, through gap junctions they pass along the need for more bone material to the surface osteoblasts, osteoblasts then can make more bone tissue.
Term
What are osteoclasts?
Definition
Functions: move minerals from bone into blood, dissolve matrix using acids and enzymes. STRUCTURE: Large cells arising from white blood cells, monocytes (wbcs) fuse to form osteoclasts
Term
What are Howship's lacunae
Definition
Depressions etched into bone surface by osteoclasts.
Term
What is bone matrix made of?
Definition
Flexible organic portion: collagen, GAG's, Proteoglycans and glycoproteins

Hard inorganic portion: Hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate)

Magnesium, calcium, sodium
Term
What is red bone marrow?
Definition
In children: found in most bones

In adults: In axial skeleton, in proximal heads of femur and humerus, hemopoietic (makes blood cells).
Term
What is yellow marrow?
Definition
Adults - in shafts of long bones, arises from red marrow of child's bone, contains fat, no longer hemopoietic but can revert.
Term
What are the 5 zones of metaphysis
Definition
Zone of reserve cartilage, zone of cell proliferation, zone of hypertrophy, zone of calcification, zone of bone deposition
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