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Bone
N/A
66
Anatomy
11th Grade
11/29/2011

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Term
Functions of the bone
Definition
Support, protection, movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage
Term
Minerals found in bone
Definition
calcium and phosphorus
Term
Blood cells form here
Definition
In red bone marrow (connective tissue)
Term
Process of red bone marrow producing red blood cells
Definition
hemapoiesis
Term
In babies, what does red bone marrow turn to
Definition
yellow bone marrow
Term
yellow bone marrow made of this
Definition
adipose with few blood cells
Term
Five types of bones
Definition
Long (greater length than width), Short (cube shaped), flat (thin with area for muscle attachment), irregular, and circular
Term
Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulda, phalanges are this
Definition
long bone
Term
carpals and tarsals are
Definition
short bone
Term
cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapula are
Definition
flat bone
Term
vertebrae, sacrum, and facial bones are
Definition
irregular bone
Term
patella is
Definition
round bone
Term
bone shaft main portion
Definition
diaphysis
Term
distal and proximal ends of bone
Definition
epiphyses
Term
place on bone where diaphysis joins epiphyses
Definition
metaphyses
Term
layer of hyaline cartilage that allows diaphysis to grow in length
Definition
epiphyseal plate
Term
hyaline cartilage covering epiphysis where bones form joints into other bones
Definition
articular cartilage
Term
purpose of articular cartilage
Definition
reduces friction and absorbs shock
Term
term for joining bones together at a joint
Definition
articulation
Term
dense irregular/ elastic tissue surrounding bone
Definition
periostium
Term
purpose of periosteum
Definition
contains bone forming cells to grow in diameter, protection, repair, nourishment
Term
storrage space for (primarily) yellow marrow
Definition
medullary cavity
Term
Thin membrane lining medulary cavity containing some bone forming cells
Definition
endosteum
Term
All articulating surface known as this
Definition
process
Term
large rounded articulating knob + example
Definition
condyle (mandible)
Term
prominent rounded,articulating proximal end of a bone + example
Definition
head (head of the femur)
Term
All projections for muscle attachment
Definition
process
Term
narrow ridge-like projection + example
Definition
crest (iliac crest of the coxal bone)
Term
sharp, slender process + example
Definition
spine (spine of the scapula)
Term
massive process found only in the femur
Definition
trochanter
Term
small rounded process + example
Definition
tubercule (greater tubercule of the humerous
Term
large, roughened process + example
Definition
tuberosity (radial tuberosity of the radius)
Term
rounded opening through a bone + example
Definition
foramen (foramen magnum of the occipital bone
Term
flattened or shallow surface + example
Definition
fossa (mandibular fossa of the temporal bone)
Term
tubelike passageway through a bone + example
Definition
meatus (external auditory meatus of the temporal bone)
Term
cavity or hollow space in a bone + example
Definition
sinus (frontal sinus of the frontal bone)
Term
components of bone matrix
Definition
water, collagen fibers, and mineralized salts
Term
bone has a high resistance to high _______ strength (pulling from end to end)
Definition
high tensile strength
Term
bone builders that do not divide
Definition
osteoblast
Term
bone tissue maintainer that does not divide
Definition
osteocytes
Term
bone breaker-downer found in endosteum that undergoes process called reabsorption. It is necessary for normal development and growth.
Definition
osteoclast
Term
two types of bone (80% and 20%)
Definition
compact and spongy
Term
bone circle-cell is called
Definition
osteon
Term
hole in center
Definition
central canal
Term
distance between lacunas
Definition
llamela
Term
gaps on a compact bone
Definition
lacuna
Term
cracks in bone next to lacunae for nutrients
Definition
catiliculi
Term
this fills the space of spongy bone and its trabeculae
Definition
red bone marrow
Term
these types of bones are commonly made of spongy bone
Definition
short, flat, and irregular
Term
most prenatal bone is this before mineral salts are added (and this conversion is called this)
Definition
cartilage (endocondral ossification)
Term
what can cause bone remodeling
Definition
physical use, stress, and strain on the bone
Term
process of bone creation
Definition
bone is deposited by osteoblasts, the medulary cavity is formed by the osteoclasts, a secondary ossification forms in the epiphyses, the bone length stops when the epiphyseal disks stops dividing and ossifies
Term
broken bone doesn't pierce skin called
Definition
simple fracture
Term
broken bone pierces the skin
Definition
compound fracture
Term
bone is broken into two seperate pieces
Definition
complete fracture
Term
bone is broken longitudinally but not separated into two parts
Definition
partial fracture
Term
break on the outer arc of the bone is incomplete
Definition
greenstick fracture
Term
broken ends of bone are wedged together
Definition
impacted fracture
Term
bone breaks into several different fragments
Definition
comminuted fracture
Term
bone breaks by twisting of the bone
Definition
spiral fracture
Term
Bone repair process
Definition
blood clots causing inflammation and swelling, fibrocartilage fills the space between the broken bones, and collagenous fibers connect the bones. osteoblasts produce trabeculae and convert the fibrocartilage bone to join pieces together. Osteoblasts build new compact bone at periphery, and osteoclasts reabsorb the spongy bone and build a new medullary cavity.
Term
cartilage undergoes _______ which causes it to become hard and brittle
Definition
calcification
Term
_______ is where articular cartilage may no longer function
Definition
osteoarthritis
Term
What happens at age 30 in regard to aging bone effects
Definition
osteoclasts reabsorb bone too fast
Term
being low in this hormone can cause osteoporosis
Definition
estrogen
Term
weak, thin bone known as this
Definition
osteoporosis
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