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Bone
fractures and stuff
63
Anatomy
12th Grade
10/11/2010

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Term
Fractures
Definition
break in a bone
Term
Comminuted Fracture(2)
Definition
.Bone breaks into many fragments
.Particularly common in order people, where bones are more brittle
Term
Compression Fracture(2)
Definition
.Bone is crushed
.Common in poruous bones(osteoprosis bones of older people)
Term
Depressed fracture(2)
Definition
.broken bone portion is pressed inward
.typical of skull fracture
Term
Impacted(2)
Definition
.broken bone ends are forced into each other
.Commonly occurs when one attempts to break a fall with outstretched arms
Term
Spiral(2)
Definition
.Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone
.Common Sports Fracture
Term
Greenstick
Definition
.bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green twig breaks
.Common in children, whose bones are more flexible then those of adults
Term
Joints
Definition
Connect muscle to bone
Term
Cartilage
Definition
found in joints, ribs , nose, ears
Term
Ligaments
Definition
connect bone to bone
Term
Two subdivisions of the skeleton
Definition
.Axial skeleton
.Appendicular Skeleton
Term
Functions of Bones
Definition
.Support the body
.Protect soft organs
.Allow movement due to attached skeletal muscles
.Store minerals and fats
.Blood cell formation
Term
Functions of Bones (5)
Definition
.Support the body
.Protect soft organs
.Allow movement due to attached skeletal muscles
.Store minerals and fats
.Blood cell formation
Term
Hematopoesis
Definition
Blood cell formation
Term
Amount of bones in adult skeleton
Definition
.206 bones
Term
Two basic types of bone tissue
Definition
.Compact bone
-homogeneous
.Spongy bone
-small needle-like pieces of bone
-Many open spaces
Term
Long bone
Definition
found in arms and leg
Term
Flat bone
Definition
sternum, skull, ribs
Term
Short bone
Definition
wrist, carpals, tarsals
Term
Irregular bones
Definition
pelvic,vertebra, hip
Term
Osteocyles
Definition
mature bone cells
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
bone-forming cells
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
.bone-destroying
.Break down bone matrix for remodelling and calcium in response to parathyroid hormone
.Bone remodeling is performed by both osteoplast and osteoclast
Term
Closed Fracture
Definition
break that does not penetrate the skin
Term
Open compound fracture
Definition
broken bone penetrates through the skin
Term
Treatment of bone fracture
Definition
.reduction and immobilization
Term
Repair of Bone fratures
Definition
.Hermatoma forms(blood-filled swelling)
.The break is splinted by a fibrocartillage callus.
.The bony callus forms
.Bon remodeling occurs
Term
major componets of axial skeleton
Definition
.vertebral colomn
Term
bone not joined by suture
Definition
the mandible is attached to the rest of the skill by a freely movale joint
Term
four major sutures of the skull
Definition
.sagital
.coronal
.squamous
.lambdoid
Term
sagital suture
Definition
middle of the skull
Term
coronal suture
Definition
seperates the frontal and pariental bones of the skull
Term
squamous sutures
Definition
a simple joint that unites the parietal and temporal bones of the skull
Term
lambdoid
Definition
the occipital bone joins the parietal bones anteriorly
Term
eight bones composing the cranium
Definition
.fontal
.parietal
.temporal
.lacriminal
.occipital
.sphenoid
.mandible
.maxilla
Term
functions of the sinuses
Definition
.pressure dampig
.reduction of skull weight
.heat insulation
.flotation of skull in water
Term
orbit
Definition
teeth
Term
Reason why the sphenoid bone is called the keystone of the cranial floor.
Definition
It's in contact with all of the other cranial bones. forms a central wedge that articulates with all other cranic bones
Term
occipital
Definition
.bone forming anterior cranium
.spinal cord pases through a large opening in the bone
Term
zygomatic
Definition
.cheekbone
Term
maxilla
Definition
.upper jaw
.forms most of hard palate
.contain alveoli bearing teeth
.facial bone that contains a sinus
Term
palatine
Definition
.posterior roof of mouth
Term
parietal
Definition
.bone pair united by the sagittal suture
Term
temporal
Definition
.site of jugular foramen and caratid canal
.site of external auditory meatus
Term
sphenoid
Definition
.contains a "saddle" that houses the pituitary gland
.has greater lesser wings
Term
lacrimal
Definition
.allows tear ducts to pass
Term
ethmoid
Definition
.superior and medial nasal conchae are part of this bone
Term
hyoid
Definition
.its oval shaped protrusions(thrust over) articulate with the atlas(The top or first cervical vertebra of the neck)
.not really a skull bone
Term
mandible
Definition
.forms the chin
.contain alveoli bearing teeth
Term
three cranial bones containg paranasal sinuses
Definition
.frontal
.ethmoid
.sphemoid
Term
vomer
Definition
inferior part of nasal septum
Term
fontanel
Definition
gaps where fibrous membranes connect the bones
Term
fate
Definition
closed gaps that turn into sutures to conect tuboles
Term
funtion of fontanels in fetal skull
Definition
allows it to be slightly compressed during birth
Term
suture
Definition
joint between most skull bones
Term
pivot
Definition
joint between the axis and atlas
Term
ball and socket
Definition
hip joint
Term
syndesmosis
Definition
joint between forearm bones and wrist
Term
hinge
Definition
elbow
Term
sondyloid
Definition
interphalangeal joints
Term
gliding
Definition
intercarpal joints
Term
symphysis
Definition
joint between the skull and vertebral column
Term
saddle
Definition
joints between proximal phalanges and meta carpal bones
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