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Bone Vocabulary
Chapter 5: The Skeletal System
48
Anatomy
11th Grade
11/15/2009

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Term
Axial Skeleton
Definition
the bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body
Term
Appendicular Skeleton 
Definition
the bones of the limbs and girdles
Term
Skeletal System
Definition
includes, cartilages, and ligaments
Term
Compact Bone
Definition
dense and looks smooth and homogenous
Term
Spongy Bone
Definition
composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space
Term
Long Bones
Definition
typically longer than they are wide, compact bone, all bones of the limbs (except the wrist and ankle bones) are long bones
Term
Short Bones
Definition
cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone, the bones of the wrist and ankle are short bones
Term
Flat Bones
Definition
thin, flattened, and usually curved, bones of the skull, the ribs, and the sternum
Term
Irregular bones
Definition
bones that don't fit in the categories of long, short, or flat, the vertebrae, and the hip are irregular bones
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
or shaft, makes up most othe bone's length and is composed of compact bone, is covered by periosteum
Term
Periosteum
Definition
a fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers and protects the diaphysis
Term
Epiphyses
Definition
the ends of the long bone, consists of a thin layer of compact bone enclosing and area filled with spongy bone
Term
Articular Cartilage
Definition
glassy hyaline cartilage, it provides a smooth, slippery surface that decreases friction at joint surfaces
Term
Epiphyseal plate
Definition
cause the lengthwise growth of a long bone
Term

Yellow Marrow, or Medullary, 

Cavity

Definition
the cavity of the shaft is primarily a storaage area for adipose (fat) tissue
Term
Red Marrow
Definition
confined to the cavities of spongy bone of flat bones and the epiphyses of some long bones
Term
Osteocytes
Definition
mature bone cells
Term
Lacunae
Definition
tiny cavities within the matrix
Term
Lamellae
Definition
the lacunae arranged in concentric circles
Term
Central (Haversian) Canals
Definition
run lengthwise through the bony matrix, carrying blood vessels and nerves to all areas o the bone
Term
Osteon (Haversion system)
Definition
complex consisting of central canal and matric
Term
Canaliculi
Definition
the tiny canals that radiate outward from the central canals to all lacunae
Term
Perforating (Volkmann's) canals
Definition
run into the compact bone at right angles to the shaft
Term
Ossification
Definition
the process of bone formation that involves two major phrases
Term
Osteoblasts
Definition
the hyaline cartilage model is completely covered with bone matrix by bone-forming cells
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix
Term
Bone Remodeling
Definition
essential if bones are to retain normal proportions and strength during long-bone growth as the body increases in size and weight
Term
Closed (Simple) Fracture
Definition
a fracture in which the bone breakse cleanly but does not penetrate the skin
Term
Open ( Compound) Fracture
Definition
the broken bone ends penetrate through the skin
Term
Closed Reduction
Definition
 the bone ends are coaxed back into their normal position by the physician's hands
Term
Open Reduction
Definition
 surgery is preformed and the bonde ends are secured together with pins or wires
Term
Hematoma
Definition
blood-filled swelling
Term
Fibrocartilage Callus
Definition
connective tissue cells of varipous types form a mass of repair tissue
Term
Bony Callus
Definition
a callus made of spongy bone
Term
Fontanel
Definition
the fibrous membranes in the skull where bone has not yet formed
Term
Primary Curvatures
Definition
the spinal curvatures in the thoracic and sacral regions
Term
Secondary Curvatures
Definition
the cervical curvature appears when a baby begins to raise it's head
Term
Joint (Articulation)
Definition
the junction of two or more bones
Term
Synarthroses
Definition
an immovable joint
Term
Amphiarthroses
Definition
a slightly movable joint
Term
Diathroses
Definition
a freely movable joint
Term
Fibrous Joints
Definition
the bones are united by fibrous tissue
Term
Cartilaginous Joints
Definition
the bones ends are connected by cartilage
Term
Synovial Joints
Definition
those in which the bones ends are seperated by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid
Term
Osteoarthrisis
Definition
the most common form of arthritis is a chronic degenerative condition that typically affevts the aged
Term
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Definition
a chronic inflammatory disorder
Term
Gouty Arthritis
Definition
a disease in which uric acid accumulates in the blood and may be deposited as needle-shaped crystals in the soft tissues of joints
Term
Osteoporosis
Definition
is a bone-thinning disease that afflicts half of women over 65 and some 20% if men over the age of 70
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