Term
| Where are blood cells made? |
|
Definition
| The hemopoietic tissue of the medullary cavity in the bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| What is the formation of RBC's called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the formation of granulocytes called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the formation of monocytes called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the production of lymphocytes called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the production of platelets called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what circumstances do we examine bone marrow? |
|
Definition
-If there is an unexpected increase or decrease in cells
-If we see abnormal cells in the peripheral blood |
|
|
Term
| What do we consider to be "abnormal cells"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Should we use anesthesia when collecting a bone marrow sample? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Must we use aseptic technique when collecting bone marrow? |
|
Definition
| Yes, must clip and scrub collection site |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common bone marrow collection sites? |
|
Definition
-Iliac crest, Trachanteric fossa, Proximal humerus (small animals)
-Posterior rib or iliac crest (large animals |
|
|
Term
| What are the names of the special needles used to collect bone marrow? |
|
Definition
| Osgood, Rosenthal, and Jamshidi |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 ways you can handle a bone marrow sample? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we do if we want to send a core sample out to a different lab? |
|
Definition
| Put sample in 10% formalin |
|
|
Term
| What do we want to avoid when obtaining a bone marrow sample? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are blood cells made? |
|
Definition
| The hemopoietic tissue of the medullary cavity in the bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| What is the formation of RBC's called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the formation of granulocytes called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the formation of monocytes called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the production of lymphocytes called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the production of platelets called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what circumstances do we examine bone marrow? |
|
Definition
-If there is an unexpected increase or decrease in cells
-If we see abnormal cells in the peripheral blood |
|
|
Term
| What do we consider to be "abnormal cells"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Should we use anesthesia when collecting a bone marrow sample? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Must we use aseptic technique when collecting bone marrow? |
|
Definition
| Yes, must clip and scrub collection site |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common bone marrow collection sites? |
|
Definition
-Iliac crest, Trachanteric fossa, Proximal humerus (small animals)
-Posterior rib or iliac crest (large animals |
|
|
Term
| What are the names of the special needles used to collect bone marrow? |
|
Definition
| Osgood, Rosenthal, and Jamshidi |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 ways you can handle a bone marrow sample? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we do if we want to send a core sample out to a different lab? |
|
Definition
| Put sample in 10% formalin |
|
|
Term
| What do we want to avoid when obtaining a bone marrow sample? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What magnification do we Evaluate bone marrow cells on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many immature cells must we identify/classify to do an M:E ratio? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of normal bone marrow? |
|
Definition
-Normal appearance of cells (size, N:C ratio, staining, etc
-M:E ratio within normal limits
-Mature cells outnumber the immature cells |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean if megakaryocytes are present? |
|
Definition
| The bone marrow is making platelets |
|
|
Term
| What is the order of the red cell series? |
|
Definition
| Rubriblast-Prorubricyte-Rubricyte-Metarubricyte-Mature RBC |
|
|
Term
| What are some general characteristics of the red cell series? |
|
Definition
-Round cells
-Round nucleus
-High N:C ratio (narrow rim of blue cytoplasm
-get smaller as they mature |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a rubriblast? |
|
Definition
-Large 20-30 microns
-narrow rim f bright blue cyto
-Round nucleus
-1-2 nucleoli present (must be present to be a rubriblast ) |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a prorubricyte? |
|
Definition
-Similar to rubriblast but NO nucleolus present (may see remnants though)
-Lacey chromatin
-Perinuclear Clear Zone |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a rubricyte? |
|
Definition
-Smaller cell
--Round nucleus
-Clumpy, coarse chromatin
-several types and sizes can be seen |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a metarubricyte? |
|
Definition
-Even Smaller cell
-Cyto blue to pinkish
-Nucleus small and dark (sometimes eccentric)
-may see in peripheral blood |
|
|
Term
| What are some differences between RBCs and WBCs? |
|
Definition
-RBCs tend to be round
-RBCs have round nuclei
-RBCs have basophilic cyto |
|
|
Term
| What is the order of the granulocyte (myeloid) series? |
|
Definition
| Myeloblast-Progranulocyte (promyelocyte)-Myelocyte-Metamyelocyte-Band-Seg |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a myeloblast? |
|
Definition
-Large 20-30 microns
-Lots of pale blue cyto
-Round/oval nucleus
-1-3 nucleoli |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a Progranulocyte? |
|
Definition
-often LARGER than a blast
-no nucleoli
-perinuclear clear zone present
-Small, pinkish cytoplasmic granules (not Always present) |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a myelocyte? |
|
Definition
-Smaller cell
-Larger, distinct cytoplasmic granules
-nucleus is round to oval |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a metamyelocyte? |
|
Definition
-Indented, Kidney shaped nucleus
-Can have granules in cytoplasm
-note if granules are eosinophilic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The maturation of a metamyelocyte.
Nucleus has parallel sides, and they are numerous in the blood marrow. |
|
|
Term
| The bone marrow is a minor production site for what cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells are in the thrombocyte series? |
|
Definition
-Megakaryoblasts
-Promegakaryocytes
-Megakaryocytes (one of the largest cells seen) |
|
|
Term
| What is a megakaryoblast? |
|
Definition
| The earliest identifiable cell in the thrombocyte series. Appears as a multinuclear mass, with a small amount of cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| What is the only difference between a megakaryoblast and a promegakaryocyte? |
|
Definition
| Promegakaryocytes have more cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a megakaryocyte? |
|
Definition
-VERY large cell. 100-200 microns
-Multinuclear mass with large amount of cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of an osteoclast? |
|
Definition
-Very large cell
-Separate, multiple nuclei
-can be confused with neoplastic cells or megakaryocytes. |
|
|
Term
| What is the largest cell in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When will you see osteoclasts? |
|
Definition
| If there is an increase in bone activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of an osteoblast? |
|
Definition
-Large cell
-Oval, eccentric nucleus
-Can see nucleoli
-Large amount of cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do you see osteoblasts? |
|
Definition
| When there in an increase in bone activity |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of a plasma cell? |
|
Definition
-Round cell with round nucleus (eccentric with clumpy chromatin)
-perinuclear clear zone
-large amount of basophilic cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| Where are plasma cells made? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do plasma cells produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you do an M:E ratio? |
|
Definition
Add # of white cells
Add # of red cells
divide whites by reds |
|
|
Term
| What is considered WNL for M:E ratios? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would an elevated M:E ratio be due to? |
|
Definition
| Increased WBCs, or decreased RBCs |
|
|
Term
| What would you expect to see with myeloid hyperplasia? (increased WBCs) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would you expect to see with erythroid hypoplasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would a decreased M:E ratio be due to? |
|
Definition
| Decrease in WBCs or increase inRBCs |
|
|
Term
| What would you expect to see with myeloid hypoplasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would you expect to see with erythroid hyperplasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it called when there are no rbcs or wbcs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you see an increase in of abnormal cells (like lymphocytes) what could you have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Immunosuppressive drugs and viruses most commonly. (FeLv common) |
|
|
Term
| What is a myeloproliferative disorder? |
|
Definition
When cell production is out of control.
or when there are more immature cells than mature ones |
|
|
Term
| What is multiple myeloma? |
|
Definition
| Neoplasia of plasma cells |
|
|
Term
| What are characteristics of multiple myeloma |
|
Definition
| See lots of plasma cells in the bone marrow, and lucent lesions on rads |
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