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Bone lecture test
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21
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/22/2014

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Term
osteoblast
Definition
cells that produce bone
Term
osteoclast
Definition
cells that breakdown bone
Term
osteocytes
Definition
mature bone cell, located in the lacuna
Term
chondrocyte
Definition
mature form of cartilage cell
Term
chondroblast
Definition
actively mitotic, produce cartilage
Term
4 classifications of bone
Definition
long bone: longer than they are wide, have shaft and two ends
short bone: roughly cube shaped, ankle and wrist bones
flat bone:thin, flattened, somewhat curved; cranial, ribs, sternum, scapula
irregular bone: don't fit into other categories: vertebrae and hip bones
Term
haversian (central) canals
Definition
large central canal in an osteon, houses blood vessels and nerves
Term
perforating (volkmann) canal
Definition
lie at right angles to the central canal and connects blood vessels and nerves to the periosteum
Term
Common types of fractures (6)
Definition
Comminuted: bone is in 3 or more pieces
Spiral: ragged break occurs from excessive twisting force (child abuse)
Depressed: broken bone portion pressed inward (typical skull fracture)
Compression: bone is crushed (extreme fall trauma)
Epiphyseal: epiphysis separates from diaphysis at epiphyseal plate
Greenstck: bone breaks incompletely (common in children)
Term
osteoporosis
Definition
bone re-absorption outpaces bone deposition; elevated number of osteoclasts; results in low bone mass
Term
osteomalacia
Definition
bones are inadequately mineralized; osteoid matrix is produced but calcification does not occur: results in soft bones
Term
Rickets
Definition
causes osteomalacia in children; can be caused by deficiencies in diet (vitamin D and calcium phosphate) and lack of sunlight
Term
osteoscarcoma
Definition
bone cancer
Term
Coronal suture
Definition
between parietal and frontal bones
Term
squamous suture
Definition
between the parietal and temporal bone
Term
sagittal suture
Definition
between right and left parietal bones at the midline of the skull
Term
lambdoid suture
Definition
between parietal bones and occipital bones
Term
Which bone is only attached to the skull by sutures
Definition
sphenoid bone
Term
deviated septum
Definition
a nasal septum that is significantly off center
Term
Concave/Convex sections of spinal column
Definition
Cervical: convex
Thoracic: concave
Lumbar: convex
Term
Vertebral differences:
Definition
Cervical: mouse nose with transverse foramen
Thoracic: beak nose
Lumbar: moose nose
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