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Bone 2
Anatomy skeletal system/ bone part 2
105
Anatomy
11th Grade
01/02/2012

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Term
This lies along the midline (skeleton)
Definition
axial skeleton
Term
Axial skeleton contains this
Definition
skull ear bones, hyoid bone, ribs, sternum, vertebrae
Term
two sets of bones in the skull
Definition
cranial and facial
Term
air spaces lined by mucous membranes that bones in the skull contain
Definition
sinuses
Term
benefits to sinuses
Definition
reduces weight of skull, help voice
Term
Sinuses drain here
Definition
nasal passageways or middle ear
Term
inflammation of the sinuses that can lead to ________
Definition
mastoiditis
Term
Cranium is composed of ___ bones. List em.
Definition
8: one frontal, two parietaal, one occipital, two temporal, one sphenoid, one ethmoid.
Term
Cranium is seperated by immovable joints called
Definition
sutures
Term
newborn skulls have this which allow _________
Definition
fontanels
Term
This fontanel closes by the age of 2
Definition
anterior fontanel
Term
This bone contains the frontal sinus
Definition
frontal bone
Term
This is the largest space in the head that houses the medula oblongata where the _______ attaches to the ________. Found in the occipital bone.
Definition
foramen magum
Term
process found formed by temporal and zygomatic bones
Definition
zygomatic aren
Term
point downward from the temporal bone, attachment for muscles and ligaments of the tongue and neck
Definition
styloid process
Term
hole for the carotid artery
Definition
carotid foramen
Term
canal for the ear
Definition
external auditory meatus
Term
place of attachment for the neck muscles
Definition
mastoid process
Term
this bone looks like a bat with wings, called the keystone of the cranial floor, articulates with all cranial bones, and midpoint houses the pituitary gland
Definition
shenoid bone
Term
a light spongy bone forming the roof of the nasal cavity
Definition
ethmoid bone
Term
Found in the ethmoid bone, this causes turbulence in inhaled air, trapping particals in music lining of nasal passageway.
Definition
superior and middle concha
Term
forms the nasal septum
Definition
perpendicular plate
Term
fibers for the olfactory nerve pass through this
Definition
olfactory foramen
Term
there are ____ facial bones, and they stop growing at this age.
Definition
14; age 16
Term
name the 14 facial bones
Definition
2 maxillae, 2 palatine, 2 zygomatic, 2 lacrimal, two nasal, one vomer, two inferior nasal conchae, one mandible
Term
This is the process where teeth are located
Definition
alueolar process
Term
this process forms the hard palate (the roof of the mouth)
Definition
palatine process
Term
This forms when the heart palate and the floor of the _______ fails to fuse
Definition
cleft palate
Term
each zygomatic bone has a temporal process that joins the zygomatic process of this bone
Definition
temporal bone
Term
small grooves in the lacrimal bones allows this to pass
Definition
lacrimal duct
Term
vomer joins with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone to form this
Definition
nasal septum
Term
these bones support the mucous membranes that line the nasal cavity
Definition
inferior nasal conchae
Term
the mandible contains two upright projections called this
Definition
rami
Term
Each ramus has this which articulates with a temporal bone and a coronoid process which serves as a place for muscle attachment
Definition
mandibular condyle
Term
Only bone that doesn't articulate with another; suspended from the styloid process by muscles and ligaments; anchors the tongue and other muscles
Definition
hyoid bone
Term
a rupture of the fibrocartilage of the vertebral discs is called this
Definition
herniated disk
Term
There are __ vertebrae
Definition
33
Term
name and number the types of vertebrae
Definition
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
3-5 coccygeal (fused to coccyx [tailbone])
Term
Name the normal curvatures
Definition
cervical lumbar are convex anteriorly; thoracicand saral are concave anteriorly
Term
exaggerated lumbar curvature called
Definition
lordosis
Term
increased roundness of the thoracic curvature (hunchback)
Definition
kyphosis
Term
Lateral curvature of the thoracic
Definition
scoliosis
Term
canal where the spinal cord passes
Definition
vertebral foramen
Term
The first vertebrae that holds the head
Definition
atlas
Term
has a odontoid process that projects into the ring of the atlas; allows the head to be rotated
Definition
axis
Term
this protects the heart and supports the shoulders
Definition
thoracic cage
Term
this contains the ribs and the sternum
Definition
thoracic cage
Term
ribs are also known as this
Definition
costal bones
Term
there are __ pairs of ribs
Definition
12
Term
the top 7 ribs that are attached to the sternum by costal cartilage
Definition
true ribs
Term
the bottom 5 pairs of ribs attached to the sternum by common cartilage (3) OR that are not attached to the sternum (floating ribs)
Definition
false ribs
Term
The 2 bottom ribs that don't attach to the sternum
Definition
floating ribs
Term
3 parts of the sternum (from upper to lower)
Definition
manubrium, body, xyphoid process
Term
This skeletal section contains the bones of the pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs
Definition
appendicular skeleton
Term
this contains 2 clavicals and 2 scapulae, and supports the arm
Definition
pectoral girdle
Term
an S-shaped bone that stabilizes the shoulder, and articlates with the manubrium of the sternum and with the scapula
Definition
clavicle
Term
This triangular bone provides flexibility
Definition
scapula
Term
Which sides to the radius and ulna lie on
Definition
radius is on the thumb side, ulna is other side
Term
the phalanges are numbered one to five starting with this
Definition
thumb
Term
This contains 2 coxal bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx
Definition
pelvic girdle
Term
The coxal bone has which 3 parts
Definition
illium, ichium, pubis
Term
this part of the coxal allows sitting
Definition
ichium
Term
This thing located within the pubis allows blood vessels to pass through the leg
Definition
obturator foramen
Term
The depression where the coxal bones meet is called this
Definition
acetabulum
Term
this larger part of the pelvis is bounded by the flared parts of the _______
Definition
false pelvis
Term
The bottom, inferior part of the pelfis is the ring formed by the sacrum, illium, etc.
Definition
true pelvis
Term
Name female pelvis differences
Definition
illiac bones are more flared (wider hips), pelvis is wider between ischial spines, the true pelvis (circle) is wider, pelvic cavity is more shallow, bones are lighter and thinner, pubic arch is greater than 90 degrees
Term
shinbone is the
Definition
tibia
Term
behind the tibia is the
Definition
fibula
Term
the ankle is made of __ bones
Definition
7
Term
Largest bones in the ankle are
Definition
calcaneus (heel), and talus
Term
phalanges are divided into these
Definition
distal, medial, proximal
Term
An immovable articulation sutured together by fibrous connective tissue
Definition
synarthroses
Term
a synarthrosis articulation between parietal and frontal
Definition
coronal suture
Term
a synarthrosis articulation between the parietal and occipital
Definition
lambdoidal
Term
a synarthrosis articulation between parietal and temporal
Definition
squamosal suture
Term
a synarthrosis articulation between the two parietal bones
Definition
sagital suture
Term
slightly moveable joints connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage (such as the vertebrae and pubic synphysis)
Definition
amphiarthroses
Term
freely movable synobial joints heald together by ligaments made of fibrous connective tissue
Definition
diarthroses
Term
this encases the diarthroses joints
Definition
synovial capsule
Term
diarthroses may contain these things
Definition
synovial membranes and fluid, menisci (stability cartilage), or brusae (fluid filled sac that eases friction)
Term
inflammation of brusae is called this
Definition
bursitis
Term
this synovial joint is saddle shaped and fits into the other allowing a variety of movement (between carpal and metacarpal of thumb)
Definition
saddle joint
Term
this joint has a head that fits into a socket of the other bone that allows movement in all planes and rotation (shoulder and hip)
Definition
ball and socket joint
Term
this joint is a bone that pivots on a ring of another bone where only rotation is possible (radius and ulna)
Definition
pivot joint
Term
this joint is where the convex surface of one bone articulates with the concave surface of another that allows up and down moting in one plane (elbow and knee)
Definition
hinge joint
Term
this joint is where flat surfaces articulate that slide or twist in various planes (bones of wrist or ankle)
Definition
gliding joint
Term
this joint is where an oval condyle of one bone fits into a cavity of another which allows movement in many planes, but not rotation (metacarpal and phalanx articulation)
Definition
condyloid joint
Term
this joint disorder occurs when a sudden movement streaches or tears a ligament
Definition
sprain
Term
this joint disorder occurs when synovial membrane becomes inflamed and grows bigger, causing joint degeneration
Definition
rheumatoid arthritis
Term
this occurs when cartilage at ends of bones degenerates causing bones to become rough and irregular
Definition
osteoarthrisis
Term
this joint movement decreases the joint angle
Definition
flexion
Term
foot upward called
Definition
dorsiflection
Term
foot downward called
Definition
plantar flexion
Term
increase in joint angle is called this
Definition
extension; hyperextension is if the angle is beyond 10 degrees
Term
joint moving laterally away from midline
Definition
abduction
Term
joint moving laterally toward the midline
Definition
adduction
Term
joint moving a body part around its own axis (twisting of arm or of head)
Definition
rotation
Term
rotation of lower arm so the palm is upward
Definition
supination
Term
rotation of the lower arm so the palm is downward
Definition
pronation
Term
movement of a body part in a wide circle (arm circles)
Definition
circumduction
Term
turning of the foot so the sole is inward (feet only)
Definition
inversion
Term
turning of the foot so the sole is outward (feet only)
Definition
eversion
Term
joint movement lifting a body part
Definition
elevation
Term
joint movement letting down a body part
Definition
depression
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