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| a government in which much of the power is held by elected representatives. |
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| a council of representatives |
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| a descendant of a founding family of Rome |
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| a plebeian official who could attend meetings of the assembly |
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| the chief fighting unit of the Roman army |
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| a steep rise in prices, which has the effect of reducing peoples' purchasing power |
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| voluntary resignation of a ruler |
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| harsh treatment for following a set of religious beliefs |
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| a high ranking church official |
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| a system or organization based on graded ranks |
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| a religious belief opposed to official teachings |
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| a person sent be religious authorities to spread a set of religious beliefs |
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| a fertile place in a desert, due to presence of water |
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| someone chosen by God to bring a message to people |
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| the flight of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 |
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| a pilgrimage to Mecca, one of Five Pillars of Islam |
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| an effort carried out as a religious duty |
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| an Islamic ruler with the authority to rule from Muhammad |
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| the ruler of an Islamic state |
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| an elegant style of handwriting |
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| a tall, slender tower with a balcony on a mosque |
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| an arched area in a mosque wall that is closest to Mecca |
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| a government headed by a sultan |
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| ready and willing to fight to support a cause |
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| a religious community of non-muslims in the ottoman empire |
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| a soldier in an elite force of the Ottoman army |
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| a renewed interest in a part of the past |
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| the land and property under a lord's control |
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| a person who has taken a pledge of loyalty to a lord |
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| the lord to whom a vassal owes first service |
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| the code of conduct expected of knights |
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| a peasant who is legally bound to the land belonging to a lord |
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| a tax equal to 1/10 of a person' income |
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| a religious community of men |
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| a religious community of women |
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| a style of architecture used for churches in Medieval Europe |
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| prejudice against Jewish people |
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| When did the middle ages start? What two categories can the Middle ages be broken into and give the dates. |
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Middle ages- after the fall of Western Rome-went from 476-1300
Dark Ages - 476-1100
High Middle Ages - 1100-1300 |
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| the office and rule of the pope, or bishop, of Rome |
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-separation or division
-East-West Schism or The Great Schism, the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the eleventh century |
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| a state established by Western European christians |
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| a resident or an official of a city |
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| an association of merchants or craftspeople |
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| the traditional body of law in England that blends English and Norman elements |
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| the assembly that advises the king or queen of England |
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| the assembly that advised the King of France |
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| the belief that people should be loyal to their country, not just to their leader. |
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| the court of the Roman Cathlioc church responsible for identifying and punishing heretics. |
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| the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe |
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| an artistic technique used to give drawings a 3D effect |
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| an intellectual movement that stemmed from the study of classical literature |
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| a wealthy person who supports an artist |
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| the use of ridicule or scorn to expose the vices or misbehaviors of others |
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| an art form in which an artist cuts a design on a metal plate and then uses the plate for printing |
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| an ideal or perfect society |
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| the European movement calling for reform within the Roman Cathlioc church. |
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| a religious teaching that God will determine who will gain salvation. |
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| a person who acts as a messenger or representative |
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| the control of the direction of a boat or ship |
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| something that can be bought or sold |
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| an investor who provides a company with money |
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| a group of ships that is under one command |
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| the control of goods or services by one person, group, or company |
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| occurring naturally in a region |
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| to sail completely around a landmass of Earth |
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| an economic system that stresses increasing national wealth by selling more to other nations than buying from them. |
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| the difference in value between a country's imports and its exports over a period |
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| a governor of several countries or provinces who rules as the representative of a monarch |
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| a system in which Spanish colonists were given land and Native Americans to care for, in return for the Native American;s labor or tribute. |
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| a crop grown mainly to sell, not for personal use. |
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| an economic system based on the investment of money in business for profit |
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| a person who puts money in a company hoping to make a profit |
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| a group of investors who share both risk and profit |
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| a trading system involving a 3-way exchange of goods and people among Europe, Africa, and the Americas |
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| the second leg of the triangular trade route, in which slaves were shipped across the Atlantic. |
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| the receiving of property or possessions especially from a relative when a person dies. |
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| a belief that a monarch's right to rule comes directly from God, not from the consent of the people. |
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| a monarchy in which the ruler is not limited by a constitution or law |
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| an act of betrayal against one's country |
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| someone who rules in a monarch's place, usually because the monarch is too young to rule alone. |
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| a system in which no single state is strong enough to dominate all the others in the region. |
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| a policy in which a military's needs and values take priority |
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| a permanent army of paid soldiers |
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| an absolute monarchy in which the ruler uses his other power to bring beneficial political and social changes to his or her subjects |
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| the English republic declared by Oliver Cromwell |
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| the law administered by military forces with the government's approval |
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| a statement of subjects' rights and of the relationship of parliament to the monarchy |
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| a Latin term for a legal requirement that a person cannot be held in prison without being charged with a specific crime |
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| a way of carefully gathering and explaining information |
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| a force that pulls objects towards each other, with more massive objects having a greater pull |
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| the conditions that govern human behavior |
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| an agreement in which people give up the state of nature for an organized contract |
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| letting business run without government intervention |
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| an economy in which buying and selling can be carried out without regulation |
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| the policy of prohibiting objectionable materials |
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| the promotion of certain ideas to influence people's opinions |
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| fighting involving surprise raids |
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| a decline in economic activity |
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| a government in which power is shared between the central government and the states |
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| a French legal term that indicates a person's status in society based on property ownership and ancestral rights and customs |
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| the red, white, and blue flag of Revolutionary France |
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| a device with a blade, used to cut off the heads of convicted criminals |
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| a person who left France after the fall of Louis XVI and later returned |
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| an agreement between a pope and a monarch or head of government |
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| a person drafted into military service |
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| a country that is dependent on another country for its economic and political well-being |
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| a person who has served in the military |
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| a belief and plan for social and political change |
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| a self-governing land whose people share the same cultural background, language, and history. |
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| the idea that generally supports existing ways of doing things and opposes quick, major changes |
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| the idea that generally encourages individual freedom and social progress |
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| the belief that a people have the right to decide their own form of government |
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| not taking one side or the other |
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| a person who opposes change |
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| a government in which a ruler's powers are limited to those that the constitution and the laws of the country allow |
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| the half of the Earth that includes North and South America |
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| the money or property used by a business person to make a profit |
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| a system of growing different crops one after the other on the same land to help restore soil |
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| the fencing off of private land by common landowners in Great Britain |
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| the manufacturing of cloth from wool, cotton, and other materials |
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| the mass production of goods in a central building or buildings |
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| identical parts that can be used in place of one another |
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| a tax put on imported goods to encourage consumers to buy those same goods from their own country |
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| the rule of a foreign territory for economic gain and military power |
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| the movement of more and more of a country's population from rural to urban areas |
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| the act of coming to a new country to live there |
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| a run-down apartment or building |
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| an association of workers that protects and promotes the interests of its members |
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| talks between a union and an employer about working conditions |
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| the American movement that urged social and economic reform in the early 1900's |
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| an economic system in which the means and production are collectively owned or owned the government, and economic exchanges are regulated for the common good. |
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| an economic system in which the means of production are controlled by the government, and property is owned by everyone equally. |
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| a right or privilege, especially the right to vote |
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| a borough in Great Britain that had few voters but had the right to send a representative to Parliament |
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| self-government for a dependent country |
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| the idea that the U.S. had the right to expand from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean |
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| the United States of America |
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| to withdraw from or leave |
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| a nationalist movement that worked for the unification of Italy |
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| the emperor of Unified Germany |
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| rule of two kingdoms by one person |
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