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BMS 116 Module 2
Respiratory System
62
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/02/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Respiratory System
Definition
connected structures from the nostrils and oral cavity to the lungs

Major function: transport and exchange gaseous oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the blood,

Oxygen is the metabolism for cells

Carbon is waste product for cells
Term
Phonation
Definition
Production of sound caused by movement of air across the vocal folds causing vibrations

Tongue, oral cavity, and mouth/ lips produce sound charateristic
Term
Olfaction
Definition
the sense of smell perceived in the brain

gaseous materials and airborne particles are inhaled detected as smell

dissolved in muscous coat lining the nasal cvaity
Term
Heat Regulation
Definition
by panting the dog helps control body temp.
Term
Nose
Definition
External nose associated cartilage and nasal cavity
Term
External Nose
Definition
the rostral structure protruding slightly from the face
Term
Nostrils
Definition
cranial nares

the external opening in the nasal cavity and respiratory system
Term
Cartilage of the Nose
Definition
structures giving the nose its characteristic appearance

projects rostrally from the bony nasal aperture
Term
Philtrum
Definition
Deep in the carnivores and small ruminants

shallow or absent in pig, ox and horse

Slit between nares
Term
Nasal Cavity
Definition
facial portion of the respiratory tract

Extends from nostrils to caudal nres

Divided in to halves by the medial nasal septum

3 parts: vestibule rostral part

Middle part is filled with nasal conchae

Meatuses caudal part
Term
Median Nasal Septum
Definition
perpendicular partition separating the nasal cavity into the left and right halves
Term
Ventral Nasal Concha
Definition
Folded structure filling the middle lumen of nasal cavity

Distinct bone of the skull
Term
Nasal Conchae
Definition
bony scrolls covered by the nasal mucosa that fills each half of the nasal cavity

Passageways
Term
Nasal Meatus
Definition
the passageways between the conchae of each half of the nasal cavity
Term
Common Nasal Meatus
Definition
narrow vertical space between the medial nasal septum and the conchae
Term
Ventral Nasal Meatus
Definition
largest meatus

Located between the ventral nasal concha and the hard palate

goes in the nasopharynx
Term
Caudal Nares or choanare
Definition
two openings of the nasopharyngeal meatus in the nasopharynx

separated by the vomer bone
Term
Nasal Diverticulum
Definition
false nostril

passage through the horse nostrils into a blind cutaneous pouch
Term
Epistaxis
Definition
Bleeding from the nose
Term
Strangles
Definition
horse distemper

streptococcus

infection of horses causing abscesses and swelling of lymph nodes

Sounds like horse is strangling
Term
Dorsal displacement of the soft palate
Definition
Horse : Soft palate is on the of the epiglottis

Resulting in exercise intolerace due to the soft palate being drawn in the larynx during inspiration
Term
Epiglottic Entrapment
Definition
horse: displacement of the subepiglottic tissue over the epiglottic resulting in exercise intolerance


Endoscope can tell if it is displacement or entrapment

Displacement- of epiglottis is obscured

Entrapment the margins of the epiglottis is obscured
Term
Summer Smuffles
Definition
allergic rhinitis


type I hypersensitivity in cattle resulting in dyspnea and itching
Term
Pharyngitis
Definition
inflammation of the pharynx
Term
Larynx
Definition
upper end of windpipe

tube that connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea contains
vocal cords
Term
Laryngeal Cartilage
Definition
group of cartilages forming the structures of the larynx
Term
Epiglottis
Definition
Epiglottis cartilage

cartilage giving structure to the epiglottis which closes the laryngeal opening during swallowing

protects the lungs from foreign body
Term
Thyroid Cartilage
Definition
largest cartilage

Adam's apple in men
Term
Cricoid Cartilage
Definition
the signet ring shaped cartilage connecting the thyroid cartilage and the trachea
Term
Arytenoid Cartilage
Definition
paired irregular pyramid shape cartilage
Term
Laryngeal Cavity
Definition
Space enclosed by the laryngeal cartilages, muscle, ligaments adnf mucous membranes.
Term
Laryngeal Opening
Definition
the passageway for air from the mouth or nase into the larynx
Term
Lateral Ventricles of the Larynx
Definition

lateral depressions in the vestibule

 

allow vocal folds to move laterally

Term
Vocal Fold or Vocal Cord
Definition
narrowest space of the lumen of the larynx locted between the structures of the glottis
Term
Muscles of the Larynx
Definition

muscles cover the laryngeal cartilage

 

Dived in 2 parts

Extrinsic Muscles and Intrinsic Muscles

Term
Dorsal Cricoarytenoid Muscles
Definition
only intrinsic muslces pulling apart the vocal folds to open the glottis
Term
Vocal muscle
Definition

Vocalis , muscle of the vocal fold extending from the thyroid cartilage to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage

 

relaxes the vocal fold by pulling the arytenoid cartilage down

Term
Cricothyroid Muscle
Definition

extend fro mthe ventral side of the criocoid cartilage t

to the lateral side of the thyroid cartilages

 

BOWTIES

Term
Laryngitis
Definition
inflamation of the larynx
Term
Intubation
Definition

placement of an endotracheal tube into the larynx and trachea

 

Make sure the tube goes between the vocal cords

Term
Roarer
Definition
Laryngeal hemiplegia in horses

paralysis of left laryngeal nerve

Results in a characteristic ROAR

interferes with breathing for a race horse. Can be surgically repaired. a suture is tied so that the vocal process is permanently pulled so the glottic cleft is opened.
Term
Pleura
Definition
"serosa" the lining of the thoracic cavity and organs
Term
Pulmonary visceral Plura
Definition
the pleura on the surface of a lung
Term
Mediastinal Parietal Pleura
Definition
the pleura on the mediastinum
Term
Pericardial Pleura
Definition
part of the mediastinal pleura on either side of the pericardium
Term
Diaphragmatic
Definition
the serosa covering the diaphragm's thoracic side
Term
Mediastinum
Definition
the cleft or wall between the right and left mediastinal pleura

the heart, esophagus, trachea, aorta, and thymus help form the mediastimum
Term
Pleural Cupula
Definition
crainal extent of the pleural cavity extending through the thoracic inlet
Term
Mediastinal Recess
Definition
Space filled by the accessory lob of the right lung
Term
Line of Pleural Reflection
Definition
Pleura reflects from the costal wall onto the diaphragm

Separation of the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Term
Basal Borders of the Lungs
Definition
Caudoventral border of the lungs

Parallel to the pleural reflection
Term
Pleuritis
Definition
inflammation of the lungs
Term
Hyaline Membrane Disease
Definition
Parturition before the lungs mature with insufficient surfactant produced
Term
Pneumothorax
Definition
air or gas in the pleural space
Term
Pyothorax
Definition
accumulation of pus in the body cavity
Term
Trachea
Definition
Windpipe

cylindrical tube extending from the larynx down the neck into the thorax to the lungs

its terminated by bifurcating into the left and right bronchi
Term
Bifurcation
Definition
Splitting of the trachea into right and left primary bronchi above base of the heart
Term
Tracheal carina
Definition
Ridge at the bifurcation between the principle bronchi

"Carina"
Term
Tracheal Cartilages
Definition
C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings

Keep the trachea opened
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