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Blue Boxes Neck
Blue Boxes Neck TTUHSC
117
Anatomy
Professional
09/06/2012

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Cards

Term
Fracture of the hyoid bone occurs in people who are _____
Definition
strangled
Term
Fracture of the hyoid results in inability to move hyoid under ____ and makes swallowing and separation of _____ difficult and may result in _____
Definition
Tongue

separation of the alimentary and respiratory tracts

aspiration pneumonia
Term
Paralysis of the platysma results from injury to the ____ branch of the ____ nerve.
Definition
cervical

facial
Term
If infection occurs between the investing layer of deep cervical fascia and the muscular part of the _____ fascia surrounding the infrahyoid muscles, the infection will _____
Definition
Pretracheal Fascia

not spread beyond manubrium
Term
If infection occurs between the investing fascia and the visceral part of the pretracheal fascia, the infection will _____-
Definition
Spread into thoracic cavity anterior to pericardium
Term
Torticollis is a ____ of the cervical muscles that produces the _____ of the neck and ____ of the head
Definition
shortening

twisting

slanting
Term
Most common type of Torticollis is _____ and results from a _____ that develops in the SCM sometime near birth.
Definition
Wry Neck

Fibrous Tissue Tumor
Term
In wry neck as with any normal unilateral SCM contraction, causes the head to ____ & ____.
Definition
To tilt toward & the face to turn away from the affected side
Term
With a prenatal with Wry Neck (common type of Torticollis) the ____ may be damaged during birth and can result in a hematoma that entraps the _____ nerve and thus deneravtes part of the ____.
Definition
SCM

Spinal Accessory Nerve

SCM
Term
Cervical Dystonia is abnormal _______
Definition
tonicity of the cervical muscles
Term
Cervical Dystonia aka ______, usually begins when?
Definition
Spasmodic Torticollis

Adulthood
Term
Cervical Dystonia may involve any ____ combination of the lateral neck muscles, especially the ___ & ____
Definition
Bilateral

SCM & Trapezius
Term
____ Vein is he often the point fo entry to the venous system for central line placement, such as a _____ catheter.
Definition
R or L Subclavian Vein

Swan-Ganz catheter
Term
Central lines are inserted to administer ____ & _____.
Definition
Prenatal fluids and medications
Term
If the central line is inserted too Posteriorly it may puncture
Definition
Subclavian artery
Term
If the central line is interested carefully it may puncture the _____ and result in a ______
Definition
Pleura of the lung

Pneumothorax
Term
The ____ may serve as an "internal barometer."
Definition
EJV
Term
When Venous pressure rises as in _____ failure or ____ obstruction, the EJV is more prominent
Definition
heart failure

SVC
Term
If EJV is severed the lumen will remained held open by ____ and will suck in air resulting in ____ noise in the thorax and cyanosis
Definition
cervical fascia

churning
Term
A venous air embolism produced by laceration of the EJV will cause the ____ side of the heart to fill with ____ and result in ______
Definition
Right

Froth

Dyspnea
Term
Dyspnea
Definition
shortness of breath
Term
____ of the CN XI are uncommon
Definition
Lesions
Term
CN XI may be damaged by surgical procedures in the ____ region
Definition
lateral cervical
Term
CN XI may be damaged by _____ trauma
Definition
penetrating
Term
CN XI may be damaged by tumors at the _____ or cancerous ____ lymph nodes
Definition
cranial base

cervical
Term
CN XI may be damaged by fractures of the ______ where the CN XI leaves the cranium
Definition
Jugular Foramen
Term
A unilateral lesion of the CN XI does not produce an abnormal position of the ____. Instead the patient will have difficulty _____
Definition
Head

turning the head towards the opposite side against resistance
Term
Unilateral paralysis of the Trapezius is evident by the patient's inability to ____ the shoulder and _____ of the upper limb
Definition
elevate

elevation above the horizontal
Term
"____ of the shoulders" is an obvious sign of CN XI damage
Definition
Drooping
Term
CN XI is the most common ______ nerve injury
Definition
iatrogenic
Term
If an _____ exists then, it must also be blocked/ crushed in addition to the ____ nerve to produce complete paralysis of the hemidiaphragm.
Definition
Accessory Phrenic Nerve

Phrenic Nerve
Term
The _____ nerve is vulnerable to injury with fractures to the middle third of the clavicle
Definition
Suprascapular
Term
Damage to Suprascapular Nerve is evident by the arm's assumption of the ____ position with the arm ____ rotated and impairment of ability to ______
Definition
Waiter's Tip Position

Medially Rotated

Initiate abduction of the arm
Term
When the external Carotid artery or Subclavian artery is ligated the ____ branch of the ____ artery provides the main collateral circulation, anastomosisng with the _____ & _____ arteries.
Definition
Descending branch of the Occipital Artery

Vertebral and Deep Cervical Arteries
Term
The ____ triangle provides an important surgical approach to the carotid system of arteries.
Definition
Carotid
Term
In addition to arteries, the Carotid Triangle provides access to the _____ vein, _____ & _____ nerves, and the cervical sympathetic trunk.
Definition
IJV

Vagus and Hypoglossal Nerves
Term
Damage to the ____ or ____ nerves during surgical dissection of the Carotid Triangle may produce an alteration in voice.
Definition
Vagus

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves
Term
The recurrent (inferior) laryngeal nerve is a branch of the _____
Definition
Vagus Nerve
Term
A partial occlusion of the internal carotid artery may produce a ______, a sudden focal loss of _____ function, which disappears after 24 hours.
Definition
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), a sudden focal loss of neurological function
Term
Arterial occlusion of the internal carotid may cause a ______, a loss of neurological function on _____, that exceeds _____, but disappears before _____.
Definition
minor stroke

one side

24 hours

3 weeks
Term
Carotid Endarterectomy is _____
Definition
stripping of atherosclerotic plaque
Term
Carotid Endarterectomy performed on the internal carotid artery poses risk of damage to the: ______ nerves
Definition
CN IX, CN X (or its branch, the superior laryngeal nerve), CN XI, CN XII
Term
____ pulse ("Neck Pulse")
Definition
Carotid
Term
Absence of Carotid Pulse indicates _____
Definition
Cardiac Arrest
Term
Carotid Pulse is usually palpated @ ____
Definition
Anterior border of SCM at level of Thyroid Cartilage
Term
Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity is exceptional responsiveness of the ____ in various types of vascular disease
Definition
Carotid Sinus
Term
the carotid sinus is a localized dilation of the _____ artery at its origin, the _________
Definition
internal carotid artery

common carotid artery
Term
In people with carotid sinus hypersensitivity external pressure on the carotid artery may cause ____, _____, and cardiac ischemia resulting in _______.
Definition
slowing of the heart rate

fall in blood pressure

fainting
Term
Syncope
Definition
Fainting
Term
In all forms of syncope, symptoms result from a sudden and critical decrease in ______
Definition
cerebral perfusion
Term
Checking the carotid pulse is not recommend for people with ______, because it can result in ______
Definition
Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity

fainting
Term
A decrease in PO2 (Partial Pressure of O2) activates the ____ & ____, resulting in _______
Definition
aortic and carotid chemoreceptors

increased alveolar ventilation
Term
In addition to PO2 the Carotid Bodies also respond to _____ or ____ in the blood.
Definition
Increased CO2 or free Hydrogen ions
Term
The carotid body (carotid glomus or glomus caroticum) is a small cluster of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located near the fork (bifurcation) of the carotid artery (which runs along both sides of the throat)
Definition
Yah just there to remember
Term
The ____ nerve conducts the information centrally from the Carotid Bodies, resulting in reflexive stimulation of the _____ centers of the brain that increase the ______ along with the increase in pulse and blood pressure.
Definition
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Respiratory

depth and rate of breathing
Term
The ____ pulse increases considerably in conditions such as mitral valve disease, which increases the pressure in the _____ circulation of the ____ side of the heart
Definition
IJV

pulmonary

right
Term
Which IJV pulse is typically observed
Definition
Right
Term
Anesthetic at the large cervicothroacic ganglion may relieve _____ involving the brain and the upper limb.
Definition
Vascular Spasms
Term
A lesion of the sympathetic drunk in the neck results in a sympathetic disturbance called _______
Definition
Horner Syndrome
Term
Horner Syndrome is characterized by: contraction of the _____, drooping of the _____, ______ of the eye, Vasodilation and absence of ____ on the head and neck.
Definition
Pupil

Superior Eyelid

Sinking in

sweating
Term
Contraction of the pupil in Horner Syndrome is a result of paralysis of the _____ muscle
Definition
dilator pupillae
Term
Drooping of the superior eyelid in Horner Syndrome is a result of paralysis of the ______ muscle intermingled with the ____ muscle of the __________
Definition
smooth

striated

levator palpebrae superioris
Term
Development of the thyroid gland begins in the floor of the embryonic _____ at the site indicated by a small pit, the ______, in the dorsum of the postnatal ______
Definition
pharynx

foramen cecum

tongue
Term
During migration of primordial thyroid gland from the foramen cecum to its final destination, it is attached to the foramen cecum by the ______, which is eventually obliterated, but remnants may remain and form a _______
Definition
Thyroglossal Duct

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Term
A Thyroglossal Duct Cyst is typically close to the ____
Definition
hyoid bone
Term
aberrant
Definition
deviating from the usual or natural type
Term
Aberrant Thyroid glandular tissue may be found anywhere along the path of the embryonic _______
Definition
Thyroglossal duct
Term
Lingual Thyroid Gland is result of _____
Definition
Aberrant Thyroid glandular tissue posterior to the foramen cecum
Term
ectopia
Definition
is a displacement or malposition of an organ or other body part
Term
Portions of the Thyroglossal duct may persist to form ______
Definition
accessory thyroid glandular tissue
Term
Accessory thyroid glandular tissue may appear ______
Definition
anywhere along the embryonic course of the Thyroglossal duct
Term
Approximately 50% of the Thyroid Glands have a _____ lobe
Definition
pyramidal
Term
A band of connective tissue, often containing ____ tissue, may continue from the apex of the pyramidal lobe to the ______
Definition
accessory thyroid glandular tissue

hyoid
Term
The Pyramidal Lobe and the band of connective tissue develop from ______
Definition
remnants of the epithelium and connective tissue of the Thyroglossal duct
Term
Goiter results from ____
Definition
lack of iodine
Term
A goiter may compress: _____
Definition
Trachea, Esophagus, and the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves
Term
Which direction can the goiter not enlarge and why?
Definition
Superiorly, because of the attachments of the Sternohyoid and Sternothyroid muscles
Term
Hoarness is the usual sign of _____ nerve damage
Definition
Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve
Term
Temporary aphonia or disturbance of phonation (voice production) usually result from _____ or ____
Definition
Bruising of the Reccurent Laryngeal during surgery or from pressure of blood post surgery
Term
The variable position of the ____ glands puts them at severe risk during surgery
Definition
parathyroid
Term
Superior parathyroid glands may be as far superior as the ______ & as inferior as the _____
Definition
thyroid cartilage

superior mediastinum
Term
Atrophy or inadvertent surgical removal of all the parathyroid glands results in ______, as severe neurological syndrome characterized by ________
Definition
Tetany

muscle twitches & cramps
Term
The spasms of Tetany are caused by _____
Definition
Decreased serum levels of calcium
Term
Larynx can be fractured by compression by a ______
Definition
shoulder strap
Term
Valsalva Maneuver
Definition
forced expiatory effort against a closed airway
Term
When a foreign object enters the vestibule of the larynx, the laryngeal muscles go into spasm, tensing the ___ and causing the ____ to close, allowing no air to enter
Definition
vocal folds

rima glottidis
Term
Tracheostomy establishes ____
Definition
an airway in patients with upper airway obstruction
Term
The incision for a Tracheostomy is performed at ____
Definition
space between 1&2 or 2-4 tracheal rings
Term
Which accessory artery found in 10% of people on the trachea must be accounted for when performing a Tracheostomy?
Definition
Thyroid Ima Artery
Term
The Thymus covers the inferior part of the trachea in ____
Definition
infants and children
Term
Paralysis of the vocal fold occurs after damage to ____ nerve
Definition
inferior laryngeal nerve (continuation of the Reccurent Laryngeal Nerve)
Term
The voice is poor with a paralyzed vocal fold, because the paralyzed vocal fold cannot _____ to meet the normal fold
Definition
adduct
Term
In bilateral paralysis of the vocal folds, the folds cannot be adducted for ______ nor abducted for _______, resulting in ________
Definition
phonation

increased respiration
stridor
Term
Stridor
Definition
High pitched, noisy respiration
Term
Hoarseness is the common symptom of serious disorders of the larynx, such as _____ of the vocal cords
Definition
carcinoma
Term
In progressive lesions of the Reccurent laryngeal nerve, _____ of the vocal ligaments is lost before _____, during recovery ____ returns before ______
Definition
abduction lost before adduction

adduction returns before abduction
Term
Paralysis of the superior laryngeal nerve causes anesthesia of the superior laryngeal mucosa and as a result ______
Definition
The protective mechanism designed to keep foreign bodies out of the larynx is inactive
Term
Injury to the _______ results in a monotonous voice, because of the paralyzed ______ muscle is unable to vary the length and tension of the vocal fold.
Definition
External Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve

Cricothyroid
Term
A ____ can impair innervation of the larynx by compression of the laryngeal nerves
Definition
goiter
Term
Most people with cancer of the Larynx present with persistent ____ and ____ache
Definition
hoarseness

earache (otalgia)
Term
Enlarged ____ or ____ lymph nodes may indicate the presence of laryngeal cancer
Definition
pretracheal or paratracheal
Term
When swallowing food, some will enter the piriform fossae, if sharp it may pierce the membrane and damage ____ nerve
Definition
internal laryngeal nerve
Term
The internal laryngeal nerve is a branch off _____ nerve
Definition
Superior Laryngeal Nerve
Term
The ____ nerve is prone to injury during a tonsillectomy
Definition
Hypoglossal
Term
Adenoids
Definition
pharyngeal tonsils
Term
________ may block airflow nasal cavities to nasopharynx
Definition
Adenoiditis (Inflammation of pharyngeal tonsils)
Term
Infection from enlarged pharyngeal tonsils (Adenoiditis) may spread to the _____ tonsils, causing swelling and closure of the paryngotympatic tubes, resulting in an impairment of _____.
Definition
Tubal tonsils

Hearing
Term
A branchial fistula is an abnormal canal that opens internally to the _____ and externally _____
Definition
Tonsillar Fossa

Side of the Neck
Term
A Branchial Fistula results from the persistence of remnants of the _____ pharyngeal pouch and ____ pharyngeal groove
Definition
2nd

2nd
Term
WIKIPEDIA of what Cervical Sinus is
Definition
The mandibular and hyoid arches grow more rapidly than those behind them, with the result that the latter become, to a certain extent, telescoped within the former, and a deep depression, the cervical sinus, is formed on either side of the neck.
This sinus is bounded in front by the hyoid arch, and behind by the thoracic wall; it is ultimately obliterated by the fusion of its walls.
Term
When the Embryonic Cervical Sinus fails to disappear it may retain its connection with the lateral surface of the neck by a ______, which can be located anywhere along the _____
Definition
Brachial Sinus (a narrow canal)

SCM
Term
If a remnant of the cervical sinus is not connected with the surface, it may form a ______, usually located at the anterior angle of the ______
Definition
Branchial Cyst

Mandible
Term
The Brachial Cyst passes close to the _____, ______, & ______ nerves, which can be damaged during excision of the cyst.
Definition
Accessory

Hypoglossal

Glossopharyngeal
Term
Atresia (Wikipedia info)
Definition
Atresia is a condition in which a body orifice or passage in the body is abnormally closed or absent
Term
Most common type of Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula (TEF) is ______-
Definition
superior part of the esophagus ends in a blind pouch and the inferior part communicates with the trachea
Term
Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula (TEF)results from abnormailities in the partitioning of the esophagus and trachea by the ______
Definition
Tracheo-Esophageal septum
Term
Most common complaint of Esophageal Cancer is _____, and is usually not recognized until the lumen is reduced by _____%
Definition
Dysphagia

30%-50%
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