Term
| When is ANP released and what releases it? |
|
Definition
| ANP is released when blood pressure significantly increases and is released by the cardiac muscle cells. |
|
|
Term
| What does the Antidiuretic Hormone do? |
|
Definition
| Maintains blood volume and causes vasoconstriction. |
|
|
Term
| What is another pair of genes that is linked to blood type but independent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does blood transport? |
|
Definition
1. O2 CO2
2. Cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, amino acids
3. Drugs, hormones, toxins
4. Cellular waste to the kidneys
5. White blood cells and platelets
6. Electrolytes such as K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca+ |
|
|
Term
| What type of triglyceride means bad cholesterol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of triglyceride contains good cholesterol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of blood cell has no nucleus? |
|
Definition
| Red blood cell (Erythrocyte) |
|
|
Term
| What 3 things make up plasma and what are their percentages? |
|
Definition
1. 92% water
2. 7% protein
3. 1% other stuff |
|
|
Term
| What is the term to describe the closing of both cuspid (AV) valves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 chambers of the heart? |
|
Definition
1. Right atrium
2. Left atrium
3. Right ventricle
4. Left ventricle |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 valves of the heart? |
|
Definition
1. Pulmonary Semilunar valve
2. Aortic Semilunar valve
3. Bicuspid (Mitral) valve
4. Tricuspid (AV) valve |
|
|
Term
| What do Baroreceptors monitor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which valves are closing in a Lub? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 factors that can affect blood pressure? |
|
Definition
1. Amount of O2 and CO2 in the blood
2. Blood volume (water content, cell content)
3. Heart rate
4. Stroke volume
5. Peripheral resistance (friction with vessel walls increased by plaque)
6. Viscosity thickness (increased by blood cell and protein content) |
|
|
Term
| Which protein in blood helps transport steroid hormones and fatty acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many genes control blood type? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term to describe the closing of both semilunar valves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Angiotensin II released in the blood? |
|
Definition
1. Blood pressure drops
2. Kidneys release renin which causes Angiotensin
in the blood
3. Angiotensin converts to Angiotensin I
4. Angiotensin I converts to Angiotensin II |
|
|
Term
| Which blood type is the universal recipient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major function of blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Chemoreceptors most sensitive to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the dietary requirements for red blood cells? |
|
Definition
| Iron for hemoglobin, vitamin C, and vitamin B12. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the 3 genes of blood type are dominant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 vessels of the heart? |
|
Definition
1. Pulmonary vein
2. Pulmonary artery
3. Aorta
4. Superior/Inferior Vena Cava |
|
|
Term
| Which type of protein in the blood forms antibodies and helps transport iron and lipids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does a blood clot occur? |
|
Definition
| When exposed to any foreign substance. |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for white blood cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How fast are red blood cells made in the red bone marrow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which protein type in the blood aids in the clotting process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What white blood cell has a granular cytoplasm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What membrane of the heart lines chambers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the medulla release in hormonal control and how is it released? |
|
Definition
| Medulla releases Norepinephrine and Epinephrine; released by the hypothalamus. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the blood circulation of the heart. |
|
Definition
| Deoxygenated blood from the Vena Cava enters the right Atrium and passes through the Tricuspid (AV) valve to the right Ventricle out through the Pulmonary Semilunar valve into the Pulmonary artery to the lungs back through the Pulmonary vein into the left Atrium then passes through the Bicuspid (Mitral) valve to the left Ventricle out through the Aortic Semilunar valve to the Aorta to all body tissues. |
|
|
Term
| What does Globulin form and what does it transport? |
|
Definition
| Globulin forms antibodies and transports iron and lipids. |
|
|
Term
| What part of plasma plays an important role in Osmotic Balance and cellular transport? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Agranulocyte is phagocytic to pathogens and cellular debris? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 gases found in plasma? |
|
Definition
| Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon Dioxide. |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathway of an Extrinsic blood clot? |
|
Definition
1. Blood contacts a damaged blood vessel
2. Damaged tissue released Tissue Factor
3. Ca+ releases and activates the X factor
4. Thrombin is formed
5. Fibrin is formed which produces the Fibrin Mat (clot)
|
|
|
Term
| What is the function of Aldosterone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are red blood cells produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do Chylomicrons transport to body tissues in the plasma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the process that leads to a blood clot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 things do Electrolytes play important roles in? |
|
Definition
| Osmotic Balance and Cellular transport |
|
|
Term
| Which white blood cell has a relatively clear cytoplasm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which membrane of the heart lines the cardiac cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which membrane of the heart lines the surface of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 things does blood regulate? |
|
Definition
| Body temperature and pH levels |
|
|
Term
| Which Granulocyte is most abundant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Neural control located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the 3 genes of blood type are recessive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Granulocyte is first on the scene of an infection and phagocytic to bacteria, fungi, and some viruses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which blood type is the universal donor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Granulocyte subdues allergic reactions and attaches to parasitic worms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 genes that blood types are controlled by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much water and protein is in red blood cells (Erythrocytes)? |
|
Definition
| 66% water and 33% protein(almost all of which is hemoglobin)-mostly iron. |
|
|
Term
| What is the order of white blood cells types from most abundant to least abundant? |
|
Definition
1. Neutrophil
2. Lymphocytes
3. Monocytes
4. Eosinophil
5. Basophil |
|
|
Term
| What does Basophil release in allergic reactions? |
|
Definition
| Histamine, Heparin, and Serotonin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A malfunction of one or more valves. |
|
|
Term
| Which Agranulocyte is 2nd most abundant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a foreign protein that's on the surface of red blood cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Agranulocyte activates the immune sstem by forming T and B cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which blood vessel services body tissues and deals with gases and nutrient exchange? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does an EKG or ECG record and how is it measured? |
|
Definition
| An EKG records the electrical activity in the heart and is measured in Millivolts. |
|
|
Term
| What does the Visceral Pericardium line in the heart? |
|
Definition
| The surface of the heart. |
|
|
Term
| What does Albumins help transport? |
|
Definition
| Steroid hormones and fatty acids. |
|
|
Term
| What happens in the P wave of an EKG? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Without stimulation from the SA node, how fast will the AV node beat per minute? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is protein that is produced by the immune system to attack an antigen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 nutrients found in plasma? |
|
Definition
1. Glucose
2. Fatty acids
3. Amino acids |
|
|
Term
| What 2 things make up plasma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens in the process of hemostasis? |
|
Definition
1. Damage to blood vessel (bleeding)
2. Vascular spasm (smooth muscle contracting a blood vessel)
3. Platelets adhere to damaged tissue and change shape to interconnect with each other
4. Platelet plug forms and stops blood flow, but is very weak |
|
|
Term
| What do local factors sense in the blood? |
|
Definition
| Physical and chemical changes. |
|
|
Term
| Which Agranulocyte is the largest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What antigen does the blood times A, AA, or AO have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of antigen does blood type B, BB, or BO have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which valves are closing in a Dup? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Agranulocyte transforms into macrophages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Proteins
2. Electrolytes
3. Nutrients
4. Triglycerides
5. Gases
6. Enzymes, hormones, cellular wastes
7. Chylomicrons
|
|
|
Term
| What does the vasomotor center of neural control control? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which function of the cardiac center involved the vagus nerve releasing Acytlcholine which slows the heart rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is EPO often related to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which function of the cardiac center stimulates the SA notes to increase heart rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does ANP do in hormonal control? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many blood vessels are in the heart and what are they called? |
|
Definition
Five
1. Artery 4. Veins
2. Arteriol 5. Venuole
3. Capillaries
|
|
|
Term
| Which blood vessel is in the lungs and provides gas exchange with air? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is cardiac output calculated? |
|
Definition
Stroke volume (mls per contraction)
X's
Heart rate (BPM) |
|
|
Term
| What is a method to determine a ratio of cells to plasma in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of white blood cells? |
|
Definition
1. Granulocyte
2. Agranulocyte |
|
|
Term
| What 2 things does Neural control deal with? |
|
Definition
1. Cardiac center
2. Vasomotor center |
|
|
Term
| What 3 things make up Granulocytes and what are their percentages? |
|
Definition
1. Neutrophil - 40%-70%
2. Eosinophil - 2%-4%
3. Basophil - <1% |
|
|
Term
| How small are red blood cells? |
|
Definition
| Very small (260 million/drop) |
|
|
Term
| What 2 things make up Agranulocytes and what are their percentages? |
|
Definition
1. Lymphocyte - 25%-30%
2. Monocyte - 2%-8% |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for red blood cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the local factors located? |
|
Definition
| Carotid artery and aortic arch |
|
|
Term
| What do Nodal cells do in the conduction system of a heart beat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the life span of a red blood cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What breaks down and recycles the red blood cells? |
|
Definition
| Spleen and liver. (Mostly spleen) |
|
|
Term
| What 2 main functions run the cardiac center of Neural control? |
|
Definition
1. Acceleratory
2. Inhibitory |
|
|
Term
| What is Visceral Pericardium also called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Granulocyte releases histamine, heparin, and serotonin in allergic reactions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the sequence of events of a heart beat? |
|
Definition
1. SA nodes set the initial heart rate at 60-70 BPM
2. SA nodes stimulates atria to contract
3. Stimulus also goes to AV node
4. AV nodes sends impulses through perkinje fibers that stimulate the ventricles to contract |
|
|
Term
| What type of antigen does blood type AB have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the correct term to describe the SA node setting the heart rate slower than normal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Rh Factor is recessive and less common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What shape are red blood cells? |
|
Definition
| Disc shapes with a depression in the middle. |
|
|
Term
| What is the myocardium of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the correct term to describe the SA node setting the heart rate faster than normal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does the heart make its "beating" sound? |
|
Definition
| The valves closing quickly. |
|
|
Term
| What type of antigen does blood type O have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do problems occur with Rh factor? |
|
Definition
| When an Rh (-) woman has a baby with an Rh (+) man. |
|
|
Term
| How many blood genes can each parent donate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the heart muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of protein in blood? |
|
Definition
1. Albumins
2. Globumins
3. Fibrinogens |
|
|
Term
| What does endocardium line in the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Rh Factor is dominant and most common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens in the Q R S wave in an EKG? |
|
Definition
| The Atria repolarizes and the Ventricles depolarize |
|
|
Term
| What 2 things compose blood and what are their percentages? |
|
Definition
55% Plasma
45% Cells and fragments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 things make up cells and fragments of blood and what are their percentages? |
|
Definition
99.9% red blood cells
0.1% white blood cells and platelets |
|
|
Term
| What do chemoreceptors monitor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens in the T wave in an EKG? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pathway for an Intrinsic blood clot? |
|
Definition
1. Blood contacts foreign substance
2. Platelets release Factor XII
3. Ca+ releases and activates X factor
4. Thrombin is formed
5. Fibrin is formed which produces the Fibrin Mat (clot) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Red cell production in the bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| Why is EPO released in hormonal control? |
|
Definition
| Because of long term oxygen shortage or long term drop in blood pressure. |
|
|
Term
| Which functions of hormonal control elevates blood pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is increased by the medulla? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which function of the Vasomotor center has a smaller diameter and higher pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contractile muscle cells produce contraction. |
|
|
Term
| Which blood vessel is a thick layer of smooth muscle tissue and has a smaller inner diameter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which blood vessel has a thinner layer of smooth muscle but a larger inner diameter and low pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Parietal Pericardium line in the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 functions of hormonal control? |
|
Definition
1. Medulla
2. Angiotensin II
3. EPO
4. ANP
5. Antidiuretic hormone
6. Aldosterone |
|
|
Term
| Which function of the vasomotor center has a larger diameter and a lower pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do conducting cells do in the conduction system of a heart beat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cells set the rate of beat in the conduction system of a heart beat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cells distribute stimulus in the conduction system of a heart beat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 effects of Angiotensin II |
|
Definition
1. Stimulates the release of Antidiuretic hormone
2. Stimulates the release of Aldosterone
3. Stimulates the release of Cardiac output
4 Stimulates the release of Vasconstriction |
|
|
Term
| What sense do the local factors consist of? |
|
Definition
| Baroreceptors and Chemoreceptors |
|
|
Term
| What 2 main functions run the Vasomotor center of Neural control |
|
Definition
1. Vasodialation
2. Vasoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| What happens after ANP is released? |
|
Definition
1. Kidneys increase secretion of water and ions
2. Blood volume decreases
3. Which in turn lowers blood pressure |
|
|
