Term
| two of the body's most important functions |
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Definition
| protection, transportation |
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Term
| systems that provide protection and transportation |
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Definition
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Term
| primary transportation fluid |
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Definition
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Term
| not only performs vital pickup and delivery services, but also provides much of the protection necessary to withstand foreign "invaders" |
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Definition
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Term
| a fluid tissue that has many kinds of chemicals dissolved in it and millions upon millions of cells floating in it |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| system that supplies transportation for cells of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| system that plays a critical role in the functioning of the immune system, moves fluids and large molecules from the tissue spaces and fat-related nutrients from the digestive system to the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ ___________ of blood are many different types of cells and cell fragments taht are suspended in the plasma |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the formed elements include: |
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Definition
| RBC's, WBC's, and platelets |
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Term
| the function of the _______ is to carry substances from on part of the body to another |
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Definition
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Term
| many transported materials are dissolved in __________, so the composition of it varies based on what is going on in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| plays an important role in a number of systems, such as respiratory, digestive, urinary, and immune systems |
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Definition
|
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Term
| prefix "pro-" and suffix "-ogen" indicate a(n) (ACTIVE/INACTIVE) substance |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ is the blood minus its formed elements and consists of water and many substances dissolved in it |
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Definition
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Term
| all of the chemicals needed by cells to stay alive are brought to them by the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| most of the oxygen in the blood is carried in RBC's as |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the most abundant type of solute in the plasma is a group of ______ _________ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| any of several proteins normally found in the plasma; includes albumins, globulins, and fibrinogens |
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Definition
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Term
| help thicken and maintain the blood volume |
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Definition
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Term
| include the antibodies that help protect us from infections |
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Definition
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Term
| neccessary for blood clotting |
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Definition
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Term
| plasma minus its clotting factors; still contains antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
| obtained from whole blood by allowing it to clot in the bottom of a tube and then pouring off the liquid substance. |
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Definition
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Term
| a big person has (MORE/LESS) blood than a small person |
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Definition
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Term
| a man has (MORE/LESS) blood than a woman |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| most adults probably have between ___-___ liters of blood |
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Definition
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Term
| blood normally accounts for about ___-___ % of total body weight |
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Definition
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Term
| the volume of the _______ part of blood is usally a little more than half the volume of whole blood |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| three main types of formed elements: |
|
Definition
| RBC's, WBC's, and Platelets |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| thrombocyte; plays role in blood clotting |
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Term
| ______ leukocytes have granules in their cytoplasm |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ leukocytes do not have granules in their cytoplasm |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 3 kinds of granular leukocytes |
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Definition
| neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils |
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Term
| 2 kinds of nongranular leukocytes |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| RBC'S in one drop of blood |
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Definition
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|
Term
| WBC's in one drop of blood |
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Definition
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|
Term
| platelets in one drop of blood |
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Definition
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|
Term
| two kinds of connective tissue that make blood cells for the body |
|
Definition
| myeloid tissue, lypmhatic tissue |
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Term
| better known as red bone marrow |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| myeloid tissue (Red bone marrow) |
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Term
| 3 places red bone marrow is chiefly found in the adult |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| forms all types of blood cells except some lymphocytes and monocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| located chiefly on the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| forms some lymphocytes and monocytes that red bone marrow cannot form |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| circulate for up to 4 months before they break apart and their components are removed from the bloodstream by the spleen and liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ leukocytes often have a lifespan of only a few days |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ leukocytes may live for more than 6 months |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| mature __________ have no nucleus |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the shape of the rbc |
|
Definition
| "caved in" on both sides so that each one has a thin center and thicker edges |
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|
Term
| rbc total surface area is (ENORMUS/TINY) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. transport carbondioxide out of cells and into lungs for disposal
2. transport oxygen from the lungs to other cells in the body |
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|
Term
| harmful waste produced by the energy-producing processes of all living cells; must be carried away from cells and to the lungs for disposal into the external environment |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| red pigment; iron containing protein in red blood cells |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| oxygen and hemoglobin unite to form |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ makes possible the efficient transport of large quantities of oxygen to body cells |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the compound formed by the union of carbon dioxide with hemoglobin |
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Definition
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|
Term
| deficient number of red blood cells or deficient hemoglobin; caused by an inability of the blood to carry sufficient oxygen to the body cells |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| can occur if the hemoglobin in RBC's is inadequate, even if adequate numbers of RBCs are present |
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Definition
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|
Term
| results from a decrease in number of RBCs caused by hemorrhage; characterized by low oxygen carrying capacity of blood; decreased RBC lifespan and/or increased rate of RBC destruction; ie bleeding ulcers |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| blood disorder characterized by a low RBC count; caused by destruction of myeloid tissue in the bone marrow; ofeten related to exposure to certain toxic chemicals, high-dose irradiation, certain drugs, and chemotherapy agents |
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Definition
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|
Term
| deficiency of RBCs resulting from a lack of vitamin B12' results from a failure of the stomach lining to produce intrinsic factor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the substance that allows vitamin b12 to be absorbed from foods we eat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| severe, possibly fatal hereditary disease caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin |
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Definition
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|
Term
| when only one defective gene is inherited and only a small amount of hemoglobin that is less soluble than usual is produced; forms solid crystals when the blood oxygen is low, causing distortion of the RBC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if ____ defective genes are inherited more of the defective hemoglobin is produced and the distorition of RBCs becomes severe |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| condition in which there are inadequate levels of iron in the diet so that less hemoglobin is produced; results in extreme fatigue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| less hemoglobin, less oxygen transported to cells = |
|
Definition
| slower breakdown and use of nutrients by cells, less energy produced by cells, decreased cellular functions |
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Term
| an excessive number of RBCs; blood is too thick to flow properly |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| volume percent of blood cells in whole blood; |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| normally, about ____% of the blood volume consists of RBCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ values tend to be higher in man than women and decrease with age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thin layer of WBCs and platelets located between the RBCs and plasma in a centrifuged sample of blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for a patient with anemia, the percentage of RBCs (DECREASES/INCREASES) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for a patient with polycythemia, the percentage of RBCs (DECREASES/INCREASES) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| excessive loss of body water; the most common fluid imbalance; an abnormally low volume of one or more body fluids |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| in ____________ blood volume is decreased and RBCs mae up a greater proportion of the total, although their actual numbers have not increased. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| leukocytes are categorized by the presence of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| white blood cell that stains readily with neutral dyes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| white blood cell that is readily stained by eosin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| wbc that stains readily with basic dyes |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| type of WBC; B cells and T cells |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| defend the body from cancer cells that form inside our tissues and from microorganisms that have succeeded in invading our body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| total number of WBCs per cubic mL of blood |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| total wbc count ranges between ____ and______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| proportion of each type of WBC reported as a percentage of the total WBC count; reveals more information than simply counting the total number of all the different types of WBCs in a blood sample |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| abnormally low WBC numbers in the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disease in which the HIV virus attacks the T cells, there by compromising the boy's immune system |
|
Definition
| AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) |
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|
Term
| refers to an abnormally high WBC count; more common |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| most numerous of the active WBCs; protect the bdy from invading microorganisms by actually taking them into their own cell bodies and digesting them |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| WBC that engulfs microbes and digests them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| serve as weak phagocytes; involves protection agains infection caused by certain parasites; involved in allergic reactions |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| secrete the chemical histamine in peripheral blood; produce heparin |
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Definition
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|
Term
| released during inflammatory reactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| helps prevent blood from clotting as it flows through the blood vessels of the body; obtained from the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| largest leukocytes; aggressive phagocytes; capable of engulfing larger bacterial organisms and cancerous cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "large eater"; are specialized monocytes that have grown several times their original size after migrating out of the blood stream |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Help protect us against infections, type of whit blood cell : b cell and t cell |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The complex process that makes us immune to infectious diseases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do not secrete antibodies but instead protect us by directly attacking bacteria or cancerous cells ; critical to the function of the immune system ;produce cell mediated immunity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secrete chemical compounds called antibodies that specifically act to destroy particular bacteria viruses or chemicals ; develop into plasma cells; |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood cancer characterized by an increase in WBCs ; can be acute or chronic, or lymphocytic or myeloid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ and _______ leukemia are based on how quickly symptoms appear after the disease occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ and ______ leukemia depend on on the cell type involved |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Play an essential role in blood clogging |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Plugs up a torn or cut vessel and stops bleeding that otherwise might prove fatal |
|
Definition
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|
Term
How a ______ _______ forms :
Injury to blood vessel, prothrombin activatior forms, platelets become sticky, form a platelet plug, prothrombin converts to thrombin, thrombin reacts with fibrinogen which forms fibrin which seals the damaged vessel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A protein formed by clogging factors from damaged tissue cells and platelets; it converts prothrombin into thrombin, a step essential in forming blood clots |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Soft temporary accumulation near the opening of a broken blood vessel |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Proteins present in normal blood that is required for blood clotting. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Soluble blood protein that is converted into insoluble fibrin during clogging. (Normal plasma protein) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Fibrous gel, insoluble protein in clotted blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Looks like a tangle of fine threads with RBCs caught in the tangle; the bloodclot that forms a more long term seal of the damaged blood vessel |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Acts by inhibiting the synthesis of prothrombin and other vitamin k dependent factors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used to prevent excessive blood clotting. Inhibited conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, thus preventing formation of a thrombus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Often used to regulate dosage of anticoagulant drugs. I. This test, thrombroplastin and calcium are added simultaneously to a tube of the patients plasma and a tube containing a normal control solution to determine time required fir clot formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most used low dose anticiagulant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mathematical calculation reported as a number (normal.0.8-1.2) used to standardize the results of anticoagulantion testing |
|
Definition
| INR international normalized ratio |
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|
Term
| Stimulates liver cells to increase synthesis of prothrombin. Faster clot formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel. Stationary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A blood clot or other substance (bubble of air) that is moving in the blood and may block a blood vessel |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign matter carried in the bloodstream |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs that dissolve blood clots |
|
Definition
Streptokinase
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-pa) |
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|
Term
| Substance that when introduced to the body causes the formation of antibodies against it ; can activate the immune system to make certain responses ;including the production of antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Almost all substances that act as antigens and stimulate the immune system are foreign protein s called ______ ______ antigens. That is, they are not the body's own natural self antigens, which are found on the cell membranes of normal body cells. Generally proteins that have entered the body from the outside by way of infection, transfusion, or some other method |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a specific substance (antigens) that has entered the body |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Antibodies causing antigens to clump together |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A and b antigens
No antibodies
Universal receiver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
No antigens
a and b antibodies
Universal donor |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Red blood cells that do contain Rh factor antigens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rbc that doesn't contain Rh factor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Injection. Of a special protein given to an Rh negative woman who is pregnant to prevent her body from forming anti Rh antibodies which may harm an Rh positive baby in a subsequent pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the term ___ is used because this important blood cell antigen was first discovered in the blood of Rhesus monkeys |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| harmful effects or even death can result from a __________ ___________ reaction if the donor's RBCs become agglutinated by antibodies in the recipient's plasma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| universal recipient blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reinfusing of RBCs (or drugs that increase RBC production) into an athlete prior to competition in attempt to increase performance levels or stamina by increasing the oxygen-carrying capability of the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ never naturally contains anti-Rh antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disease that may develop when an Rh-negative mother has anti-Rh antibodies and gives birth to an Rh-positive baby and antibodies react with the Rh-positive cells of the baby |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one of the primary benefits of ______ ______ is an increase in the oxygen-carrying capacity caused by increases in hemoglobin levels |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the system that supplies transportation for cells of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the pump that keeps blood moving through a closed circuit of blood vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| permit the movement or exchange of many substances between the blood and fluid surrounding body cells; microscopic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tubing that carries the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ and _________ are composed of three layers of tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ are thicker than ________ because they carry blood under higher pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ and __________ carry blood in opposite directions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| need to be thin-walled because this is where the exchange of material between the blood and the tissues takes place |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood pressure is (HIGHEST/LOWEST) just after leaving the heart and is(HIGHEST/LOWEST) just before returning to the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ is located between the lungs in the lower portion of the mediastinum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| often described as a triangular organ, shaped and sized roughly like a closed fist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pointed end of a conical structure; blunt point; lower edge of the heart that lies on the diaphragm; points towards the left |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| heart sounds are often listened to by placing a stethoscope on the chest wall directly over the ______ of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sounds of the ______ ______ are easily heard on the chest wall above the apex of the heart; that is, in the line space between the fifth and sixth ribs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| combined external cardiac massage and artificial respiration |
|
Definition
| cardiopulmonary resucitation CPR |
|
|
Term
| the heart is (SOLID/HOLLOW) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the heart contains (how many) cavities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two upper chambers of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two lower chambers of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the (ATRIA/VENTRICLES) are smaller than the (VENTRICLE/ATRIA) and their walls are thinner and less muscular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| often called receiving chambers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| receive blood from the superior and inferior vena cava; the atria; blood enters the heart through veins that open into the upper cavities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| referred to as discharging chambers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood is pumped from the heart into the arteries that exit from the ventricles; therefore, __________ chambers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscle of the heart; composes the wall of each heart chamber |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| septum between the atrial chambers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| septum between the ventricle chambers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| each chamber of the heart is lined by a thin layer of very smooth tissue called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the lining of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if inflamed, the endocardial ining can become rough and abrasive to RBCs passing over its surface, and can be subject to clotting and forming a __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| membrane that ssurrounds the heart; consists of two layers of tissue with small space inbetween |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two layers of the pericardium |
|
Definition
visceral pericardium
parietal pericardium |
|
|
Term
| the pericardium that covers the heart; also called the epicardium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pericardium surrounding the heart lie a loose fitting sack to allow the heart enough room to beat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ________ and the ________ layers of the pericardium slide against each other without friction because they are serous with moist surfaces |
|
Definition
| visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium |
|
|
Term
| a thin film of _____ fluid furnishes the lubricating moistness between the heart and its enveloping pericardial sac |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the pericardium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| serves as a muscular pumping device for distributing blood to all parts of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contraction of the heart muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| relaxation of the heart muscle; interposed between its contractions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when the heart beats, the ______ contract first, forcing blood into the ventricles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| once filled, the two _________ contract and force blood out of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two valves that seperate the atrial chambers from the ventricle chambers |
|
Definition
| atrioventricular (AV) valves |
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|
Term
| one of the two AV valves; located between the left atrium and ventricle and sometimes called the mitral valve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the valve located between the right atrium and ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles contract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stringlike like structures that attach the AV valves to the wall of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| valves located between the two ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carry blood away from the heart; valves found in veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the _______, like the atria, contract together, therefore two semilunar valves open and close at the same time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| valve located at the beginning of the pulmonary artery; alows blood going to the lungs to flow out of the right ventricle but prevents it from flowing back into the ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| valve between the aorta and left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricle; allows it to flow out of the ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the firs lub sound is caused by the vibration and abrupt closure of the __ ______ as the ventricles contract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the _________ sound of the lub-dub is onger duration and lower pitch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the second heart sound is caused by the closing of both the ________ _________ when the ventricles under go diastole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the heart acts as _____ seperate pumps |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ________ atrium and ventricle perform a task quite different from the _______ atrium and ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when the heart beats, first the _______ contract simultaneously; systole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after atrial systole, the __________ fill with blood and they too contract together during systole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the (RIGHT AND LEFT/ TOP AND BOTTOM) sides of the heart act as two seperate pumps |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
superior/inferior vena cava
right atrium
trucuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary artery
lungs (o2/co2 exchange)
4 pulmonary veins (oxygenated)
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
aorta
arteries
arterioles
capillaries (o2/co2 exchange)
venules
veins
inferior/superior vena cava |
|
|
Term
| one of the two large veins returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one of two large veins carrying blood into the right atrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the _______ heart pump receives oxygen-poor blood from the veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricles to the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| any vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| main and largest artery in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some really terrific, rad people play lottery 4 power, love, belongings, loyalty and acknowledgement, always care very victorious individuals |
|
Definition
| Superior/inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, 4 pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left venticle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, arteries, capillaries, venules, veins, inferior/superior vena cave |
|
|
Term
| ___________ circulation involves the movement of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ circulation involves movement of blood from the left ventricle throughout the body as a whole |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| venous blood flow from the right atrium to the lung and returning to the left atrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| requires a constant supply of blood containing nutrients and oxygen to function effectively |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| delivery of oxygen and removal of waste product from the myocardium; |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood flows into the heart muscle by way of these two small vessels; they are the aorta's first branches |
|
Definition
| right and left coronary arteries |
|
|
Term
| obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign matter carried in the blood stream |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tissue death; results from inadequate blood supply; i.e. coronary thrombosis; "heart attack"; common cause of death during middle and late adulthood |
|
Definition
| myocardial infarction (MI) |
|
|
Term
| recovery from a ________ _________ is possible if the amount of heart tissue damaged was small enough so that the remaining undamaged heart muscle can pump blood effectively enough to supply the needs of the rest of the heart and body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| severe chest pain resulting when the myocardium is deprived of sufficient oxygen; sign of myocardial infarction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| surgery to relieve severely restricted coronary blood flow; veins are taen from other parts of the body to bypass the partial blockage; common treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| procedure in which a device is inserted into a blood vessel to open a channel for blood flow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| any vein that carries blood from the myocardial capillary beds to the coronary sinus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| area that receives deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins and empties into the right atrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| each commplete heartbeat; including contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| each cardiac cycle takes about _____ seconds to complete if the heart is beating at an average rate of about 72 beats per minute |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles of the heart with each beat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cardiac output averages at about ____L in a normal resting adult |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cardiac muscle fibers can contract rhythmically on their own, however they must be coordinated by _________ ___________ if the heart is to pump effectively |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most important thing to realize about conduction system of the heart is that all of the ________ muscle fibers in each region of the heart are electrically lined together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cross striations and unique dark bands that are found in the cardiac muscle fibers; electrical connectors that join muscle fibers into a single unit that can conduct an impulse through the entire wall of a chamber without stopping |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| both atrial walls will contract at about the same time because all of their fibers are ___________ linked |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
conduction of the heart:
who will SAVe His bAVy KIN!" |
|
Definition
SA Node
Av Node
Bundle of His
bundle branches
perkinje fibers |
|
|
Term
| the heart's pacemaker; where the impulse conduction of the heart normally starts; located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a small mass of a specialized cardiac muscle tissue; part of the conduction system of the heart |
|
Definition
| atrioventricular (av) node |
|
|
Term
| fibers in the heart that relay a nerve impulse from the av node to the ventricles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| specialized cells located in the walls of the ventricles; relay nerve impulses from the av node to the ventricles causing them to contract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ _________ occurs when impulses are blocked from getting through to the ventricles, resulting in the heart beating at a much slower rate than normal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an electrical device that is implanted in to the heart to treat a heart block; maintains ventricular contractions for adequate circulation of blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| machine that produces electrocardiograms, graphic records of the hearts electrical activity (voltage fluctuations) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| graphic record of the hearts action potentials |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deflection on an ECG that occurs with depolarization of the atria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deflection on an ECG that occurs as a result of depolarization of the ventricles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deflection on the ECG that occurs with repolarization of the ventricles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the electrical activity that triggers a contraction of the heart muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| phase that begins just before the relaxation phase of cardiac muscle activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| arterial blood is pumped from the heart through a series of large distributioin vessels..... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vessel carrying blood away from the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| largest artery in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small branch of an artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| arteries subdivide into vesseels that become progressively smaller and finally become tiny __________ that control the flow into microscopic exchange vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tiny, microscopic vessels that connect arterioles and venules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| exchange of nutrients and respiratory gases occurs between the blood and tissue fluid around the cells in the _________ ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and join to form veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vessel carrying blood toward the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior and inferior vena cava |
|
|
Term
| carry blood away from the heart and toward the capillaries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| arteries and veins have ____ layers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| outermost layer found in blood vessels; made of connective tissue fibers which reinforce the wall of the vessel so it will not burst under pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the muscular middle layer found in the blood vessels; more muscular in arteries than in veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| endothelium that lines the blood vessels' single layer of squamus epithelial endothelium that lines the inner surface of the entire circulatory system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| squamous epithelial cells that line the inner surface of the entire circulatory system and the vessels of the lymphatic system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ are equipped with one way valves that prevent the backflow of blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when a surgeon cuts into a body, only ________, ___________l, ___________ and ___________ can be seen |
|
Definition
| arteries, arterioles, veins, venules |
|
|
Term
| most important structural feature of the _________ is their extreme thinness; only one layer of flat endothelial cells. tunica intima only, so that substances can pass through it on their way to or from cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| smooth muscle cells that guard the entrance to the capillary and determine how much blood will flow into each capillary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| help maintain arterial blood pressure at a normal level |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| collect blood from capillaries and return it to the heart; serve as blood resevoirs because they carry blood under lower pressure and can expand to hold a larger volume of blood or constrict to hold a much smaller amount |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function as exchange vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ ___________ means that blood flows through vessels that are arranged to form a circuit or circular pattern |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and backto the right atrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| venous blood flow from the right atrium to the lung and returning to the left atrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the route of blood flow through the liver |
|
Definition
| hepatic portal circulation |
|
|
Term
| veins from the _______ _________ __________ __________ and ________ do not pour their blood directly into the inferior vena cava as do the veins from other abdominal organs |
|
Definition
| spleen, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, and intestines |
|
|
Term
| circulation in the body before birth differs from circulation after birth because the fetus must secure oxygen and food from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flexible structure connecting the fetus with the placenta, which allows the umbillical arteries and vein to pass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 small arteries that carry oxygen-poor blood from the developing fetus to the placenta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a large vein containing oxygen rich blood from the placenta to developing fetus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a continuation of the umbillical vein that shunts blood returning from the placenta past the fetus' developing liver directly into the inferior vena cava |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shunts blood from the right atrium, allowing most blood to bypass the baby's developing lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery, allowing most blood to bypass the fetus' developing lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the difference between two blood pressures inthe body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormally high blood pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| resistance to blood flow encountered in the peripheral arteries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| factors that control changes in the diameter of arterioles by changing the tension of smooth muscles in the vessel walls |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| venous blood pressure within the right atrium that influences the pressure in the large perifpheral veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| device used for measuring blood pressure in the arteries of a limb |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| force with which the blood pushes against the artery walls when the ventricles contract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood pressure in the arteries during diastole of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| push of blood as it flows through the circulatory system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does blood pressure exist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypertension can result in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypotension can result in |
|
Definition
| blood stops flowing; perfusion |
|
|
Term
| direct cause of blood pressure is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| strength and rate of heartbeat affect |
|
Definition
| blood pressure and cardiac output |
|
|
Term
| artery expanding and then recoiling alternately |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the body's defense system against disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| specialized fluid that is formed in the tissue spaces that returns excess fluids and protein molecules to the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vessels that carry lymph to its eventual return to the circulatory system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fluid located in the microscopic spaces between the cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tiny, blind-ended tubes distributed in the tissue spaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| terminal vessel into which lymphatic vessels empty lymp; the duct then empties the lymph into the circulatory system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| short vessel into which lymphatic vessels from the right upper quadrant of the body empty lymph; the duct then empties lymph into the circulatory system at the right subclavian vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| largest lymphatic vessel in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an enlarged pouch on the thoracic duct that serves as a storage area for lymph moving towards its point of entry into the venous system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| performs biological filtration of lymph on its way to the circulatory system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small lymphatic vessels that carry lymphatic fluid towards the lymph node |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| return of an organ to its normal size after an enlargement; also retrograde or degenerative change |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| masses of lymphoid tissue; protect against bacteria, each side of throat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lymphoid tissue; bacteria prtoection; base of tongue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tonsil near posterior opening of the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| largest lymphoid organ; filters blood, destrys worn out rbcs, salvages iron from hemoglobin, and serves as a blood resevoir |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| surgical removal of spleen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypersensitivity of the immune system to relatively harmelss environmental antigens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shock resulting from a severe allergic reaction; may be fatal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the protective mechanisms that provide immediate, generic protection against any bacteria, toxin, or other injurious particle; also called innate immunity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nonspecific immune response produced in response to injury resulting in redness, pain, heat, and swelling and promoting moevement of wbcs to the affected area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the protective mechanisms that provide specific protection against certain type s of bacteria or toxins; adaptive immunity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deliberate artificial exposure to disease to produce acquired immunity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antigen binding sites, antigen receptor regions on antibody molecule; shape of a specific antigen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| immunity that is produced when antibodies mae antirgens unable to harm the body |
|
Definition
| antibody mediated immunity |
|
|
Term
| rapid fire series of chemical reactions involving proteins called complements which are triggered by certain antigen reactions and result in the formation of tiny protein rings that create holes in a foreighn cell and thus cause its destruction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| any of several inactive enymes normally present in blood which when activated kill foreign cells by disolving them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| specific antibody produced from a population of identical cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fused or hybrid cells that continue to produces the same antibody as the original lymphocyte |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| macrophage found in spaces between the liver cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| macrophages that ingest particular matter in teh small air sacs of the lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small proteins produced by the immune system that inhibits virus multiplication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| any of a family of many identical cells descended from a single parent cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cell that remains in reserve in the lymph nodes until its ability to secrete antibodies is needed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cells that secrete copious amounts of antibody into the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| heart conduction pathways |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
male - 13.2 to 17.3
female= 11.7 to 15.5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
some
really
terrific
rad people
play
lottery
4 power
love
belonging
and
acknowledgment
and
always
care
very
victorious
individuals |
|
Definition
superior/inferior vena cava
right atrium
tricuspid
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary artery
lungs
4 pulmonary veins
left ventricle
bicuspid
aortic semilunar valve
aorta
arteries
Arterioles
capillaries
veins
venules
inferior/superior vena cava |
|
|
Term
| some really terrific rad people play lotter 4 power, love, belongings, and acknowledgement, and always care. very victorious individuals |
|
Definition
superior/inferior vena cava
right atrium
triscuspid
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary artery
lungs
4 pulmonary veins
left ventricles
bicuspid
aortic semilunar valves
aorta
artery
arterioles
capillaries
veins
venules
inferior/superior vena cava |
|
|
