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Bloodborne Pathogens
Wier Test 1
94
Anatomy
2nd Grade
09/28/2012

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Cards

Term
What are bloodborne pathogens?
Definition
disease causing agents found in blood or opim
Term
What are the two bloodborne diseases causing the most concern in our occupation?
Definition
AIDS and hepatitis
Term
Why do we need blood borne pathogen training?
Definition
OSHA requires all employees who have the potential for exposure to BBP or OPIM must be provided with certain protections under their employer
Term
What are the three categories of microorganisms and infectious agents?
Definition
1.Virus
2.Bacteria
3.Fungi
Term
What is a virus?
Definition
A protein coat surrounding a RNA or DNA core capable of growth or multiplication only in living cells
Term
What are three infectious disease caused by viral agents?
Definition
HIV
Hepatitis B C D
Herpes Simplex
Term
What are four infectious diseases caused by bacterial agents?
Definition
1.TB
2.Tetanus
3.STDS(syphilis, gonorrhea)
4.Staphylococcus and streptococcus
Term
What type if infectious disease is caused by fungi?
Definition
candidiasis
Term
What is the chain of infection(5)
Definition
Pathogen-->Source-->Mode-->Entry-->Susceptible host
Term
What is direct contact?
Definition
Primary mode of transmission with blood of body fluids
Term
What is indirect contact?
Definition
Primary mode of transmission with contaminated instrument or surface
Term
What is an airborne primary mode of transmission?
Definition
Inhalation of airesoles
Term
What is an Autogenous route of transmission?
Definition
Self infection
Term
What is a waterborne route of transmission?
Definition
microorganisms within water lines
Term
What is a vector-borne route of transmission?
Definition
disease transmitted to humans or other animals by an insect or other arthropod
Term
How is hepatitis B & C transmitted?
Definition
Blood borne or OPIM, or droplets
Term
How can HIV be transmitted?
Definition
bloodborne or OPIM
Term
How is herpes simplex transmitted?
Definition
Through bloodborne, OPIM, or direct contact
Term
How is hepatitus A transmitted?
Definition
Direct contact
Term
How are measles transmitted?
Definition
Direct contact, airborne/areosols
Term
How are chicken pox transmitted?
Definition
direct contact, droplets(respiratory)
Term
How sis legionella transmitted?
Definition
waterborne
Term
How is TB transmitted?
Definition
droplets
Term
How is west nile transmitted?
Definition
vector borne
Term
How is zoster transmitted? (shingles)
Definition
droplets
Term
What are three potential routes of transmission of bloodstone pathogens?
Definition
1.Patient to DHCP
2.DHCP to patient
3.Patient to patient
Term
What are three virus' that people have that they may not be aware of?
Definition
1.HIV
2.Hepatitis B
3.Hepatitis C
Term
Does our occupational exposure to bloodborune infections depend on?
Definition
1.How many patients we come across with blood borne pathogen
2.Nature and frequency of contact with blood or bodily fluids
Term
Risk of infection influences by these three factos...
Definition
1.Inoculation size
2.Route of esposure
3.Susceptibility of DHCP
Term
What is pathogenicy?
Definition
the ability to produce disease
Term
Virulence
Definition
likelihood of causing disease
Term
Hepatitis
Definition
Serious disease caused by virus that attacks the liver
Term
What is the source of the hepatitus A virus?
Definition
feces
Term
What is the route of transmission of Hepatitis A?
Definition
Fecal to oral
Term
Is hepatitis A a chronic infection?
Definition
No
Term
How fo you prevent Hep a?
Definition
pre and post exposure immunizations
Term
What is the source of Hepatitis B, C,and D?
Definition
Blood and bodily fluids
Term
What is the Heb B, C, D route of transmission?
Definition
Precutaneous and premucosal
Term
Is Hep B, C, D a chronic infection?
Definition
yes
Term
How do you prevent Hepatitis B?
Definition
Pre and post exposure immunizations
Term
How do you prevent Hep C?
Definition
blood donor screening and risk behavior modification
Term
How do you prevent Hep D?
Definition
Pre and post immunization and risk behavior modification
Term
What is the source of Hep E?
Definition
feces
Term
How do you prevent Heb E?
Definition
insure safe drinking water
Term
What are the clinical symptoms of Hepatitis B?
Definition
Headache
Malaise
Loss of appetite
nausea
fever
jaundice
dark urine
Term
What is the incubation period/how long it is before you have symptoms for Hepatitis B?
Definition
4-28 weeks
Term
What is HBV most highly detectable in?
Definition
blood, serum, blood exudates
Term
What is HBV moderately detectible in?
Definition
semen, vaginal fluid, salivia
Term
What is HBV low/not detectable in?
Definition
urine, feces, sweat, tears, breast milk
Term
Which Hep virus can survive in dried blood at room temp for one week-one month
Definition
Hep B
Term
How can i keep from getting infected by Hep B at work?
Definition
make sure I am always up to date on vaccines
Term
How is the Hep B vaccine administered?
Definition
3 dose series
Term
How often should you get a Hep B booster?
Definition
Every 12 years
Term
Who are Hep B boosters recommended for?
Definition
1.Hemodiallysis patients
2.Other immunocompromised people
Term
Immunity
Definition
the ability to defends against the damage that maybe caused by a microorganism
Term
Antigens
Definition
Substances or cells that body identifies as foreign and toward to which it mounts an immune response
Term
Antibodies
Definition
proteins produced in response to antigen that are capable of binding specifically to that antigen and destroying, inactivating or removing from the body
Term
What is innate immunity?
Definition
1.natural immunity or nonspecific host response
2.mechanisms that exist before infection
3.Prevent entry of microorganisms
Term
Adaptive immunity
Definition
Acquired, triggered when antigens break through barriers
Term
Active Immunity
Definition
Exposure to an antigen that triggers an immune response and develop resistance to the antigen
Term
What is an immunization?
Definition
organisms that do not cause the disease but still posses the antigens
Term
Can HIV be spread through environmental transmission?
Definition
No, it is unable reproduce outside of its living host
Term
What is a common way to test for HIV? When is it usually detectable?
Definition
Incubation, detectable in 2-8 weeks
Term
How does HIV destroy the body?
Definition
By destroying helper T cells, which are crucial to the immune system
Term
What are some symptoms of HIV that we might notice in intra or ectra oral exams?
Definition
1.swollen lymph glands in arm pits, groin, or neck
2.white spots of unusual blemishes on the tongue, mouth, or throat
3.red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eye lids
Term
Can HIV be transmitted through surface contact with dried blood?
Definition
No
Term
How to keep from becoming infected with HIV at work?
Definition
Follow OSHA(universal precautions) and CDC(standard precautions)
Term
Who sets the universal precautions?
Definition
OSHA
Term
Who sets standard precautions?
Definition
CDC
Term
What do I need to know about OSHA blood borne pathogens standard?
Definition
Follow all work place rules and policies implemented to prevent exposure to BBP by following a written exposure plan
Term
What are four oral and respiratory diseases?
Definition
1.Herpes Virus 1 & 2
2.Oral candidness
3.Oral syphilis and gonorrhea
4.Hand-foot and mouth disease
Term
What are the 5 types of Herpes Simplex virus?
Definition
1.HSV-1 oral
2.HSV-2 genitial
3.Varicella-zoster (pox)
4.epstein/barr virus (mono)
5.Cytomegalovirus (congenital)
Term
What does herpes effect?
Definition
The epithelial cells of mucus membranes such as skin, eyes, and nervous system
Term
How do you treat herpes?
Definition
palliative tx but cannot be cured
Term
How is candidiasis transmitted?
Definition
Contact with oral secretions, skin, and feces
Term
What are the symptoms of candidasis?
Definition
red and cream color patches that form on moist surfaces on the mouth
Term
What patients are more likely to contract candidaisis and TB?
Definition
Immunocompromised patients
Term
How is TB treated?
Definition
With multiple meds
Term
Sign and symptoms of TB
Definition
1.persistent cough lasting 3 weeks or more
2.weight loss
3.night sweats
4.bloody sputum
5.anorexia
6.fever
Term
Do we treat patients with active TB?
Definition
HELL NO
Term
*People with latent TB should be treated to avoid future TB*
Definition
Term
What is the exposure control plan for patients with TB?
Definition
Must have a med con from physician confirming patient is not contagious
Term
What effects the risk for infection of TB transmission? (3)
Definition
1. The duration of exposure
2. Virulence of organism
3. Certain medical conditions increase the risk of infection
Term
What major and minor infections does Staphylococcus Aureus cause?
Definition
minor- pimples and boils
major- pneumonia
Term
Where is staph aureus carried?
Definition
on the skin and nose of healthy people
Term
What are three systemic diseases that can be transmitted through oral lesions?
Definition
1. Bacterial Secondary Syphilis
2. Chicken Pox viral
3. Infections mononucleosis(epstien barr virus)
Term
What are some bacterial diseases spread by respiratory/oral fluids?
Definition
1.Diphtheria
2.Pneumonia
3.Conjunctivitis(pink eye)
4.meningitis
5.bronchitis
Term
What are some viral diseases spread by respiratory and oral fluids?
Definition
1.common cold
2.influenza
3.Bronchitis
4.fifths disease
5.hand-foot and mouth disease
6.Measles
7.rubella
8.mumps
Term
How is Legionnaires' Diseases contracted?
Definition
inhalation of contaminated water
Term
What are two water born diseases?
Definition
Legionnaires' disease
Pseudomonas infection
Term
What is a PRIONS?
Definition
-A disease-causing agent that is neither bacterial not fungal nor viral and contains no genetic material
-is a protein that occurs normally in a harmless form.
Term
What diseases are PRIONS held responsible for?
Definition
is held responsible for a number of degenerative brain diseases, including
1.scrapie
2.mad cow disease
3.Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease(degenerative brain disease)
Term
what does PPE do for you as a DHCP?
Definition
helps protect for BBP.
Term
What are the two things that you should do postexposure to follow protocol?
Definition
1. Administer first aid
2. immediately report to the infection-control coordinator
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