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Blood
The Cardiovascular System
44
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/08/2015

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Cards

Term
All parts of the body are linked by which system?
Definition
Cardiovascular system
Term
Basic components of the Cardiovascular system
Definition
Blood (circulating fluid)
Heart (the pump)
Network of bloodvessels
Term
Histology of Blood
Definition
specialized fluid connective tissue
Term
Main functions of Blood
Definition
1. Distributes nutrients, oxygen & hormones to cells of body
2. Carries metabolic waste to kidneys for excretion
3. Transports specialized cells that defend peripheal tissues from infection/disease
Term
Two components of Blood
Definition
1. Plasma
2. Formed elements
Term
What is Plasma? Describe it
Definition
- liquid matrix of blood
- density only slighty greater than water
- containts dissolved proteins and numerous dissolved solutes (as oppossed to network of insoluable fibers found in loose connective tissues & cartilage)
Term
What are Formed Elements of the Blood?
Definition
blood cells and cell fragments suspended in the plasma
Term
Components of Formed Elements
Definition
- Red blood cell (RBCs)
- White blood cells/Leukocytes (WBCs)
- Platelets
Term
Function of Red blood cells (RBCs)?
Definition
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Term
White blood cells/Leukocytes are a component of what other system besides the Cardiovascular system?
Definition
The immune system
Term
What are Platelets?
Definition
small, membrane-enclosed packets of cytoplasm containing enzymes and other factors essential for blood clotting
Term
What is Whole Blood?
Definition
a mixture of Plasma and Formed Elements
Term
Characteristics of Whole Blood?
Definition
sticky, cohesive, and resistant to flow. (All of these characteristic determine the viscosity of a solution)
Term
Viscosity of Plasma
Definition
1.5 (viscosity of a soultion is always compared to pure water, which is 1.0)
Term
Viscosity of Whole blood
Definition
about 5.0 (viscosity of a soultion is always compared to pure water, which is 1.0)
Term
Why is the viscosity of Whole Blood higher than Plasma?
Definition
because of interactions between water molecules and formed elements
Term
How many liters of Whole Blood, on average, are in an adult Male and Female?
Definition
Male: 5-6 liters
Female: 4-5 liters
Term
Alkaline pH range and temperature of Blood?
Definition
Alkaline pH: range of 7.35-7.45
Temperature: slightly higher than core body temp.
Blood temp:38 C ////Body temp:37 C
Blood temp:100.4 F ////Body temp:98.6 F
Term
Define Hypovolemic
Definition
Low blood volume
Term
Define Hypervolemic
Definition
High blood volume (aka Hypertension: high blood pressure)
Term
Define Normovolemic
Definition
Normal blood volume
Term
What percentage of the volume of whole blood does Plasma account for?
Definition
55% of the volume of whole blood is plasma (actual concentrations vary depending on region of cardiovascular system or area of body sampled)
Term
What percentage of the volume of whole blood does Water account for?
Definition
92% of volume of whole blood is water (actual concentrations vary depending on region of cardiovascular system or area of body sampled)
Term
Similarity between Plasma & Interstisial fluid?
Definition
Ion concentrations in plasma are similar to those of interstitial fluid
Term
Two main differences between Plasma and Interstitial fluid
Definition

1. Concentration of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide:

 

- Plasma has higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen than interstitial fluid; so oxygen flows from the bloodstream into peripheal tissues

 

-Interstitial fluid has a higher concentration of CO2 than plasma; so CO2 diffuses out of the tissues and into the blood

 

2. Concentration of dissolved proteins:

 

-Plasma contains a significant amount of dissolved proteins; insterstitial fluid does not

Term
Why does Plasma contain a significant amount of dissolved proteins compared to Interstitial fluid?
Definition
the large size and globular shape of plasma proteins prevent them from crossing capillary walls, and they remained trapped within the cardiovascular system
Term
Whole blood composition percentages
Definition
Plasma: 46-63% of whole blood
Formed Elements: 37-54% of whole blood
Term
Plasma composition percentages
Definition
Plasma proteins: 7% of plasma
Other solutes(Electrolytes, Organic nutrients, Organic wastes): 1% of plasma
Water: 92% of plasma
Term
Formed elements percentages
Definition
Platelets make up <0.1% of formed elements
White blood cells make up <0.1% of formed elements
Red blood cells make up 99.9% of formed elements
Term
What are the 3 types of Plasma proteins?
Definition
1. Albumins
2. Globulins
3. Fibrinogen
Term
Albumins
Definition
- constitute 60% of plasma proteins
- most abundant plasma proteins
- major contributors to osmotic pressure of blood plasma
- important in transport of fatty acids, steriod hormones & other substances
- SMALLEST of all plasma proteins
Term
Globulins
Definition
- account for 35% of plasma proteins
Two types:
1. Immuniglobulins
2. Transport globulins
Term
Immunoglobulins function?
Definition
also called anitibodies
attack foreign proteins and pathogens
Term
Transport globulins function?
Definition
bind small ions, hormones, or compounds that either are insoluable or might be filtered out of blood at kidneys
Term
Fibrinogen
Definition
accounts for 4% of plasma proteins
- LARGEST of plasma proteins
- essential for normal blood clotting
Term
What is the role of Fibrinogen in blood clotting?
Definition
under certain conditions fibrinogen molecules interact, forming larege insoluable strands of Fibrin. Fibrin provide the basic framework for a blood clot.
Term
Fibrinogen
Definition
accounts for 4% of plasma proteins
- LARGEST of plasma proteins
- essential for normal blood clotting
Term
What is the role of Fibrinogen in blood clotting?
Definition
under certain conditions fibrinogen molecules interact, forming larege insoluable strands of Fibrin. Fibrin provide the basic framework for a blood clot.
Term
Serum
Definition
Term
Which plasma proteins can attach to lipids that are not water soluable?
Definition
Albumins and Globulins
Term
Examples of lipids that are not water soluable?
Definition
Triglycerides, fatty acids, and cholesterol
Term
What are Lipoproteins?
Definition
- Albumins or Globulins attacthed to lipids that are not water soluable
- is a protein-lipid combination
- readily dissolve in plasma, which is how insoluable lipids are delivered to peripheal tissue
Term
Which Organ is the primary source of Plasma Proteins, and what percenatge of them does it make?
Definition
the Liver synthesizes and releases them; makes 90% of plasma proteins
Term
Why do liver disorders alter the composition and functional properties of blood?
Definition
because the liver is the primary source of plasma proteins, which are apart of the blood
EX: some liver diseases lead to uncontrolled bleeding caused by inadequate synthesis of fibrinogen and other plasma proteins involved in clotting
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