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| What type of tissue is blood? |
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Non living fluid matrix of the blood
(90% water) |
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| Red blood cells that function in oxygen transport & comprise the reddish mass at the bottom of the centrifuge |
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| Thin, whitish layer between formed elements and plasma, made of leukocytes and platelets |
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| Cell fragments tht function in the clotting process |
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White blood cells that act in various ways to protect the body
Only complete cells in body |
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45% erythrocytes (hematocrit)
<1% WBC/platelets
55% plasma |
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| Most abundant solutes in plasma, mostly made by the liver |
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| Plasma protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of the blood; keeps water in blood stream. |
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| What is stimulated when blood becomes too alkaline/acidic? |
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Both the respiratory system and kidneys
(restore levels to 7.35-7.45) |
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Lacking a nucleus.
Example: RBC's |
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| Iron-containing protein, transports the bulk of oxygen as it is carried in blood. |
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| 3000-7000; active phagocytes with increasing numbers during infection |
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| 100-400; kill parasitic worms, increase during allergy attack, might phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes & inactivate inflammatory chemicals. |
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| 20-50; granules containing histamine that is discharged at sites of inflammation. |
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| 100-700;phagocytes that become microphages--long term clean up crew. increase in numbers during chronic infections. |
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| 1500-3000; part of immune system, produces anti-bodies. involved in graft rejection, fighting tumors and viruses, and activating B lymphocytes. |
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| platelets; rupture to release thousands of "pieces" that seal themselves off from surrounding fluid. |
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| Passage of blood cells through intact vessel walls into the tissues |
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| Phospholipid that coats surfaces of platelets to form an activator that triggers clotting cascade |
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| Converts prothrombin (in plasma) to thrombin (enzyme) |
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| Joins thrombin to form hairlike molecules of fibrin |
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Stoppage of blood fluid; result of break in blood vessel
Vascular spasms
Platelet plug formation
Coagulation |
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| Platelets secrete serotonin causing spasms that narrow the blood vessel and decrease blood loss |
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Collagen fibers exposed
Platelets become sticky &release pf3
Pile up to form plug |
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Injured tissue releases TF
PF3 reacts with TF clotting proteins and calcium ions to trigger clotting cascade. |
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Joins fibrinogen proteins into hairlike fibrin
Forms mesh work, basis of clot, to trap RBCs |
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| Which organs dispose of dead RBCs? |
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| Clot in unbroken blood vessel , can be deadly |
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Thrombus that breaks away and floats freely in bloodstream
Can clog vessels in critical areas like brain. |
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| Normal clotting factors are missing |
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| Forms meshwork that traps RBC's and forms basis of clotting |
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| When the number of RBC's increases, viscosity ____. |
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| A decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood, for whatever reason |
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Low # of RBC's
Abnormal hemoglobin content in RBC's |
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| Hemoglobin becomes spikey and sharp, rupturing easily and damming up in small blood vessels. |
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| An excessive or abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes |
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| WBC's can locate areas of tissue damage and infection by responding to chemicals from damaged cells |
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| WBCs move through tissue by forming flowing cytoplasmic extensions |
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WBC count above 11,000
Indicates infection is stewing |
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