Term
| 5 major functions of blood. |
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Definition
-Transportation of dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones and metabolic wastes
-Regulation of the pH and ion composition of interstitial fluids throughout the body
-Restriction of fluid loss at injury sites
-Defense against toxins and pathogens
-Stabilization of body temperature |
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Term
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Definition
55% Plasma
45% Formed elements |
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Definition
92% water
7% plasma proteins
1% other solutes |
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Term
| Composition of formed elements |
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Definition
99.9% red blood cells
0.1% white blood cells/platelets |
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Term
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Definition
-erythrocytes
-transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
-pigment "hemoglobin"
-helps with O2 and CO2 transport
-biconcave disc
-large surface area to volume ratio increases diffusion
-enables RBC to bend/flex through capillaries
-RBC formation = erythropoiesis
-occurs in red bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
-leukocytes
-body's defense mechanism
-remove toxins, wastes, and damaged/abnormal cells
-2 groups
-granulocytes and agranulocytes
-Granulocytes
-Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
-Agranulocytes
-monocytes, lymphocytes
-Most of WBC's located in lymphatic system
-Rapid tx to areas of invasion or injury |
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Term
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Definition
| Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils |
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Term
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Definition
-70% of WBC's
-first WBC's to arrive
-active phagocytes
-die after engulfing 1-2 dozen bacteria
-element of pus |
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Definition
-2-4% of WBC's
-deep red, two lobed nucleus
-attack objects covered w/ antibodies
-mode of attack is exocytosis of toxic compounds
-numbers increase during parasitic infection or allergic reaction |
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Definition
-contain heparin -> prevents blood clotting.
-contain histamine -> enhances local inflammation initiated by mast cells
-attract eosinophils |
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Definition
-2-8% of WBC's
-become macrophages after 24 hrs (free macrophages)
-aggressive phagocytes |
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Definition
-20-30% of WBC's
-usually in connective tissues and lymphatic system |
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Definition
-composition resembles interstitial fluid
-allows for constant exchange of water, ions, and small solutes between IF and plasma across capillary walls. |
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Definition
-reside in plasma
-100mL plasma contain 7g protein
-5x concentration of IF
-3 types
-albumins
-globulins
-fibrinogen |
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Term
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Definition
-60% of plasma proteins
-contributors to osmotic pressure |
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Definition
-35% of plasma proteins
-antibodies and transport proteins
-antibodies -> immunoglobins
-tx proteins -> bind hormones, small ions and compounds that may be lost at kidneys or have low water solubility. |
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Definition
-functions in blood clotting
-form fibrin -> basic framework for clots |
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Term
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Definition
-appears in the plasma when peripheral tissues are exposed to low oxygen concentrations.
-EPO released
-during anemia
-when blood flow to the kidneys declines
-when O2 content of air in the lungs declines
-respiratory surfaces of lungs are damaged
-2 major effects
-stimulates stem cells and developing of RBCs in red marrow
-important in hypovolemia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-excessive number of WBCs
-extreme leukocytosis indicative of leukemia (cancer of blood-forming tissues |
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Definition
-product of megakarocytes (contained in the bone marrow) that shed cytoplasm in packets that enter the blood stream
-initiate the clotting process |
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Term
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Definition
-process that halts bleeding, prevents loss of blood through walls of damaged vessels.
-3 phases
-vascular phase -> contraction of smooth muscle fibers in vessels
-platelet phase -> platelets attach to sticky endothelial surfaces and form platelet plug
-coagulation phase -> starts 30 or more seconds after injury, blood clot effectively seals damaged portion of vessel |
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Term
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Definition
-dissolving of clot as repairs proceed.
-plasmin breaks down clot |
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