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blood
n/a
63
Anatomy
12th Grade
03/02/2011

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Term
erythrocytes
Definition
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
Term
hematocrit
Definition
the percentage of red blood cells with in a blood sample, and is usually about 45%
Term
red blood cells
Definition
are biconcave disks thin near the center. Its shape helpful in transporting gases because it increases the surface area. the cell membrane is also close to the hemoglobin the mature cells do not have nuclei, allowing more space for hemoglobin. they cant synthesize proteins or divide bc they lack nuclei.
Term
hemoglobin
Definition
the oxygen carrying protein in rbcs and contains iron
Term
hypoxia
Definition
a person deprived of oxygen for a long period of time
Term
hematopoiesis
Definition
the name give to RBC formation, occurs in the yolk sac, liver, spleen, and the red bone marrow from birth on
Term
erythropoietin
Definition
the hormone that controls the rate of RBC production. two organs release the hormone- liver and kidneys, using a negative feedback system
Term
nutrients
Definition
small intestine absorbs necessary __________
Term
Red bone marrow
Definition
blood transports nutrients to ______ _______ _______
Term
stem cells
Definition
RBC'S are produced from ________________
Term
live 120 days
Definition
mature RBCS released into blood stream and ______________________
Term
macrophages
Definition
_________ destroy old/ damaged RBC'S in spleen/ liver
Term
broken down
Definition
hemoglobin is released from these rbcs and ______
Term
heme
Definition
iron
Term
globin
Definition
protein
Term
red blood cells
Definition
iron from the heme may go to the red bone marrow for ________________
Term
decomposed
Definition
the iron is stored in the liver where it is
Term
biliverdin
Definition
which are excreted in the bile
Term
bilirubin
Definition
which are excreated in the bile
Term
anemia
Definition
to few RBCS or hemoglobin the person affected may look pale and lack energy
Term
leukocytes
Definition
white blood cells
Term
function of WBCs
Definition
is to destroy pathogenic microorganisms and parasites and remove worn out cells
Term
granulocytes
Definition
with granulous
Term
neutrophils
Definition

phagocytize small particles about 1/2 of wbc

largest number 50%

Term
eosinophils
Definition
kills parasites controls inflammation and allergic rxn's 1-3% of wbc
Term
basophils
Definition
release heparin (prevents intravascular blood clot formation) and histamines ( increases blood flow to injured tissues) less than 1%
Term
agranulocytes
Definition
without granulates
Term
monocytes
Definition
phagocytize large particles (10% of b,c are these)
Term
lymphocytes
Definition
provides immunity ( about 30% of wbcs)
Term
white blood cell count
Definition
important bc the # may change in response abnormal conditions such as infection
Term
leukocytosis
Definition
excessive wbc count indicating acute infection such as appendicitis
Term
leukopenia
Definition
low wbc count below 5000 which may accompany infections such as typhoid fever, flu, measles, mumps, chicken pox, aids, polio, leukymia
Term
thrombocytes
Definition
to clot blood, they can live about 10 days
Term
megakaryocytes
Definition
they arise from very large cells in the red bone marrow
Term
function of platlets
Definition
to help control, blood loss from broken blood vessels. made from stem cells
Term
plasma
Definition
a clear, straw colored liquid that makes up about 55% of the blood volume, it is made of water, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, waste made up of 90% of water
Term
function of plasma
Definition
to transport nutrients, gases, vitamins, help regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, maintain pH
Term
hemostasis
Definition
the stoppage of bleeding
Term
vasospasm
Definition
when the smooth muscle of a blood vessel contracts to lessen blood flow when there is a cut
Term
platlet plug
Definition

1. break in vessel

2. blood escapes

3.platelets stick to each other the end of the broken vessel and to the exposed collagen

4. plug of platelets is formed to control blood loss

Term
coagulation
Definition
when the blood clots due to a broken blood vessel
Term
clotting factors
Definition
are biochemicals that either promote or inhibit coagulation
Term
thrombus
Definition
a blood clot that has formed abnormally in a blood vessel
Term
embolism
Definition
when the clot dislodges and is carried off by the blood flow it may then lodge itself again and block blood flow
Term
agglutination
Definition
the clumping of rbcs following a transfusion which leads to anxiety difficulty breathing flushing headache pain and even death
Term
antigens
Definition
are molecules found on the surfavce of rbcs which stimulate antibody production before birth
Term
antibodies
Definition
are amino acid chains produced by the immune system to destroy foreign particles
Term
megakaryocytes
Definition
that fragment releasing small sections of cytoplasm into circulation
Term
pathogen
Definition
agglutination occurs the antibody/antigen complex is too large to enter the bodys cells and phagocytes then engulf the clumped together
Term
type A blood
Definition
antigen A. Antibody B
Term
type B blood
Definition
antigen B and antibody A
Term
Type AB
Definition
antigen a and b. antibody A or B
Term
Type O
Definition
no antigens , antibody a and b
Term
aglutination rule
Definition
an antibody of one type will react with an antigen of the same type and clump the rbcs
Term
AB
Definition
sometimes called the universal recipient because __ blood lock both antibodies a and b, and can usually be transfused into a person of any type of blood
Term
O
Definition
sometimes called universal donor because _ blood lacks antigens a and b and therefore and can usually be transfused into a person of any blood type
Term
RH
Definition
blood that is ___ positive has antigen d
Term
Rh-
Definition
has none
Term
Rh
Definition
antigen is an inherited trait and does not appear spontaneously as do a and b antigens
Term
rh+
Definition
people can recieve both rh- and rh+
Term
alumbins
Definition
are the smallest of the plasma proteins yet account for about 60% of these proteins by weight
Term
globulins
Definition
which make up about 36% of the plasma proteins can be further subdivied into alpha, bet, gamma globulins
Term
fibrinogen
Definition
which constitutes about 4% of the plasma proteins funciton in blood coagulation. are the largest of the plasma proteins
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