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blood
byu lecture 15 blood
50
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/08/2010

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Term
In which tissue category does blood belong
Definition
Connective tissue
Term
Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?
Definition
A)adipose tissue
B) Compact Bone
C)Fibrocartilage
D)Oligodendrocytes
Term
Why do women have a lower percentage of red blood cells (38-46) than men (42-56)
Definition
-Women menstruate
-Testosterone promotes higher production of RBCs
Term
Hematocrit
Definition
Measures the percentage of red blood cells
Term
Buffy Coat
Definition
Consists of Leukocytes and Thrombocytes
Term
% red blood cells
% Plasma
Definition
-44
-55
Term
Functions of blood
Definition
-REgulates pH and fluid levels
-Trans[prts hormones and nutrients
- Protects the body with leukocytes and antibodies
Term
Blood Transports
Definition
Hormones, nutrients, oxygen, waste, carbon dioxide,
Term
leukocytes and thrombocytes normally account for
Definition
1% of blood
Term
Blood doping is dangerous
Definition
because it increases blood's viscosity
Term
The majority of plasma is composed of
Definition
Water
Term
serum
Definition
Plasma with only fibrinogen removed ( no clotting); too difficult to remove other plasma proteins
Term
Albumin
Definition
Most common plasma protein, regulates osmosis in blood, transports proteins and lipids
Term
Proteins make up about
Definition
7% of plasma
Term
antibodies
Definition
aka gamma globulins
Term
Fibrinogen works most closely with which cells during clotting
Definition
Thrombocytes
Term
Bloods functions
Definition
transportation, regulation, protection
Term
Blood regulates by
Definition
Absorbs heat and distributes throughout the body - Plasma
Constrict and dilate to regulate temperature - Vessels
Regulates body pH and fluid levels in cardiovascular system
Term
Fibrinogen
Definition
Converts into fibrin- blood clotting formation
Term
Erythrocytes
Definition
RBC
Not a true cell
No nucleus or organelles
Biconcave discs
Allows gases to be loaded and unloaded efficiently
Filled with hemoglobin
Transports O2, CO2
Rouleau
RBCs line up in single file as they pass through small vessels
Term
Erythrocyte life cycle
1
Definition
Form in red bone marrow
Term
Erythrocyte Life Cycle
2
Definition
Circulate in blood stream for 120 days
Term
Erythrocyte Life Cycle
3
Definition
Aged erythrocytes are phagocytized in the liver and spleen
Term
Erythrocyte Life Cycle
4
Definition
Heme components of blood are recycled
-heme minus iron- secred in bile from liver
-iron is transported in the blood by the protein trasferrin and stored by the protein ferren in the liver
Term
Erythrocyte Life Cycle
5
Definition
erythrocyte membrane proteins and globin proteins are broken down into amino acids, some of which are used to make new erythrocytes.
Term
Blood type A
Definition
Erythrocytes with type A surface antigens and plasma with anti-B antibodies
Term
Blood type B
Definition
RBCs with type B surface antigens and plasma with anti-A antibodies
Term
Blood type AB
Definition
Erythrocytes with both type A and tyepe B surface antigens and plasma with neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies
Term
Blood type O
Definition
RBCs with neither type A nor type B surface antigens, but plasma with both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
Term
Rh positive blood type
Definition
RBCs with type D surface antigens and plasma with no anti-D antibodies
Term
Rh negative blood type
Definition
RBCs with no type D surface antigens and plasma with anti-D antibodies, only if there has been prior exposure to Rh positive blood
Term
Universal donor
Definition
O- (no antigens)
Term
Universal recipient
Definition
AB+ ( no antibodies)
Term
Polycythemia
Definition
Too many erythrocytes in the blood
Causes increase in viscosity of blood placing strain on the heart
Therapeutic blood donations
Term
Anemia
Definition
Too few RBCs leads to low oxygen levels
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Lack of iron diet or chronic blood loss
Term
Sickle Cell Disease
Definition
Genetic disease
RBC is sickle-shaped
Hemolysis
Term
Leukocytes (WBCs)
Definition
True cells
Contain nucleus and organelles
Larger than erythrocytes
WBCs help initiate the immune response and defend against pathogens
Function outside of bloodstream
Term
Diapedesis
Definition
WBCs leave the bloodstream and enter tissues
Squeeze between endothelial cells
Term
Chemotaxis
Definition
WBCs are attracted to site of infection by damaged cells, dead cells, or invading pathogens
Term
Granulocytes (WBC)
Definition
Neutrophils
Phagocytize infectious pathogens by secreting lysozyme
Eosinophils
Parasitic infections
Allergies
Basophils
Allergic reactions
histamine (allergy symptoms)
heparin (inhibits clotting)
Term
Agranulocytes:
(WBCs)
Definition
Lymphocytes
Reside in lymphatic tissue
Produce immune response
B and T lymphocytes
Monocytes
Phagocytize bacteria, cell fragments, dead cells, and debris
Term
Normal WBC count
Definition
between 5,000-10,000 per microliter of blood
Term
Leukocytosis
Definition
High WBC count
Infection, inflammation, extreme stress
Term
Leukopenia
Definition
Low WBC count
Viral or bacterial infections
Term
Leukemia
Definition
Cancer in the leukocyte-forming cells
Proliferation of abnormal leukocytes
Cancer cells take over bone marrow and slow production of erythrocytes and thrombocytes
Causes anemia and bleeding
Term
Thrombocytes
Definition
aka platelets
Cell-fragments of megakaryocytes
Platelets live for 8 to 10 days
Term
Blood clots form from:
Definition
Fibrin (from fibrinogen)
Thrombocytes
Term
Thrombocytopenia
(Clotting disorder)
Definition
Abnormally low concentration of platelets in blood
Results from:
Damage to bone marrow, chemotherapy, leukemia, or over active spleen
Term
Hemophilia
Definition
Lack of clotting factors
Usually acquired genetically
Term
Hemopoiesis (Hematopoiesis)
Definition
Hemopoiesis is the production of formed elements
Erythropoiesis, Thrombopoiesis, Leukopoiesis
Occurs in red marrow of bones
Erythropoietin (EPO) made by the kidney to control RBC production
Hemopoietic stem cells form all blood cells
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