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blood vessels
blood vessels
88
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/07/2011

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Term
Elastic Arteries(Conducting AA)
Definition
Arteries near heart

Large Lumen (low-resistance to Blood Flow)

contain the most ELASTIN of any bl. vess.
Term
Muscular Arteries(distributing AA)
Definition
Most NAMED arteries.

Largest percentage of Tunica Media

MORE smooth muscle,but LESS elastin.

MORE VASOCONSTRICTION
Term
Arterioles(smallest AA)
Definition
Large Arterioles(have 3 layers)

Tunica Media (mostly smooth muscle)

SMALLER arterioles - mostly SINGLE smooth muscle cell layer ( spiraling around endothelium)
Term
Capillaries
Definition
SMALLEST blood vessel.

allow exchange of fluids/nutients between :(Tissue fluid & Blood in capill.)

Composition: thin Tunica Intima
Term
Interstital Fluid
Definition
Tissue Fluid.
Term
Pericytes
Definition
smooth muscle-like cells (spider-shaped)

control Capillary PERMEABILITY
Term
Most tissues are rich in Capillaries except?
Definition
Tendons/ligaments - poorly vascularized

Cartilage & Epithelia - avascular(diffuse from CT)

Cornea & lens - avascular (come from aqueous humor)
Term
3 types of capillaries.
Definition
Continous-fluids/sm size solutes go thru capillary wall

Fenstrated - leak more then continuous

Sinusoidal- leakiest
Term
Continous
Definition
joined LATERALLY by: TIGHT JUNCTIONS

perform Pinocytosis

has intercellular clefts(gaps in capillary endothelium layer)
Term
Intercellular clefts
Definition
Gaps in capillary endothelium layers

passage for fluids and small solutes
Term
Pinocytosis
Definition
"Cellular drinking"

Vesicles carry FLUID within Endothelial cell to the other side.
Term
Blood Brain Barrier
Definition
Continous Cap. in brain are unique and tight junctions allow no gaps (NO intercellular clefts)
Term
Fenestrated Capillaries
Definition
-Oval pores "windows".

covered by thin DIAPHRAGM
Term
Diaphragm
Definition
delicate membrane
Term
Important locations of Fenestrated Capillaries
Definition
1)sm. Intestines-pick up absorbed digested nutrients

2)Endocrine tissues - pick up hormones

3)KIDNEY- allows rapid FILTRATION of liquid & wastes out of the passing blood(Kidney Glomerulus)
Term
Kidney Glomerulus
Definition
ball of capillaries

is a capillary tuft that performs the first step in filtering blood to form urine.

is a capillary tuft that performs the first step in filtering blood to form urine.
Term
Sinusoids capillaries
Definition
LEAKIEST cappilary

LUMEN torturous

blood flow sluggish

larger Intercellular clefts(less gap junctions)

Fenstrations usally present
Term
Important locations of SINUSOIDAL CAPPILLARIES.
Definition
LIVER- have kupffer cells,large hepatic macrophages

SPLEEN- Phagocytes(outside the sinusoid endothelium
Term
Kupffer Cells
Definition
catch & destroy passing bacteria****
large hepatic Macrophages
Term
Precapillary Sphincters
Definition
(smooth muscle)regulates blood flow into capillaries,around beginning of capillaries at Metarteriole.
Term
Metarteriole
Definition
short vessel that links arterioles and capillaries. Instead of a continuous tunica media, they have individual muscle cells placed a short distance apart, each forming a precapillary sphincter that encircles the entrance to one capillary.
Term
Arterioles
Definition
smallest arteries
Term
Venules
Definition
smallest veins
Term
Microcirculation
Definition
blood flow arrangement BETWEEN 1 Terminal Arteriole & its related POSTCAPILLARY VENULE through 1 CAPILLARY BED.
Term
Shunt system
Definition
Metarteriole connects to THOROUGHFARE CHANNEL
Term
Metarteriole
Definition
seems like combination of Arteriole & capillary
Term
Thoroughfare Channel
Definition
seems like comb of Venule & Capillary
Term
Capillary Bed
Definition
consist of 10-100 TRUE CAPILLARIES comming off metarteriole & going to the Thoroughfare channel.
Term
Each _______ has a Smooth Muscle Sphincter where it exits the Metaarteriole
Definition
True capillary
Term
Microcirculation
Definition
Terminal Arteriole

Metarteriole

Matarteriole , precapillary spincter

true capillaries , thoroughfare channel

Post capillary venule
Term
Vascular Shunt
Definition
straight shot through
Term
Venous system returns blood to the _____
from the ________ _________.
Definition
Heart , capillary beds.
Term
smallest vein like vessel
Definition
Venule
Term
Postcapillary venules
Definition
smallest venules,
ENTIRELY ENDOTHELIUM
have PERICYTES- smooth muscle-like cells

very porous
Term
at sites of inflammation , wbc can get out there from inside the _________ ________:

WBC adhere to the **blank above*** then migrate into the infalmmed tissues
Definition
Postcapillary venules
Term
Veins
Definition
3 distinct tunicas

cmp to AA thinner walls & lg lumens
Term
THICKEST LAYER OF VEIN WALL
Definition
***Tunica externa***
Term
2 largest veins
Definition
2 vena cavea

superior, inferior vena cavea

bring systemic blood to the right atrium.
Term
2 largest veins
Definition
2 vena cavea

superior, inferior vena cavea

bring systemic blood to the right atrium.
Term
capacitance vessels
Definition
blood reservoirs
< 65% total blood supply is in the VV at one time
_
Term
venous valves
Definition
tunica intima FOLDS - keep bllod goiong only TOWARD the heart
Term
Varicose veins
Definition
have leaky incomptent valves

causes:heredity,prolong standing in 1 pos. , obesity & pregnancy put pressure on groin VV
Term
Hemorrhoids
Definition
dilated VV in the anal region (varicosities)
Term
Venous Sinuses
Definition
flattened VV in w/ very thin walls(only endothelium)
Term
Coronary Sinus
Definition
gets blood from myocardium
Term
Dural venous sinuses of brain
Definition
recieve cerebrospinal fluid & bllod from brain and dura matter
Term
Vascular Anastomes(collateral channels)
Definition
INTERCONNECTIONS of blood vessels
Term
Arterial Anastomoses
Definition
more than 1 source of arterial bllod for a region(interconnected)

***still blood supply even when 1 source is blocked*******

exmple:joints,abdom organs,brain,heart
Term
Arteriovenous anastomoses
Definition
arterioles & venules are interconnected
Term
venous anastomes
Definition
interconnected VV, blockage of one vessel does not stop the venous bl. flow.

MOST COMMON.
Term
Arteriosclerosis
Definition
AA become stiffer & thicker
Term
Atherosclerosis
Definition
most common type of Arteriosclerosis.

could cause temporary spasms in bl vessel

narrow lumen , passing blood clot (thrombus) could get stuck and block blood flow.
Term
Atheromas
Definition
small thickend patches which develop on bl. vessel walls & start crowding into part of the Artery's Lumen.
Term
Aneurysms
Definition
artery has a ballon buldge out at a weak spot
Term
Angia
Definition
pain due to lack of o2 ( cardiac Ischemia)
Term
Hypertension
Definition
high blood pressure
Term

________ feeds outer regions of large bl. vessels

 

(network of tiny bl. vessels within the larger blood vessels Tunica Externa

Definition
Vaso vasorum
Term
"Cellular drinking"
Definition
Pinocytosis
Term
_______ type of capillaries for brain barrier
Definition
Continous
Term
_______ is type of capillaries found liver/spleen
Definition
Sinusoids
Term

___________ type of capillary is found

 

in the KIDNEY,sm Intestines,endocrine

Definition
Fenestrated
Term
blood flow into capillaries are regulated by ________ _________.
Definition
Precapilary sphincters
Term
_________ ________ ________ of brain recieves csf & blood from the brain
Definition
Dural venous sinuses
Term
Vein valve are similar to what kind of heart valves
Definition
semilunar
Term
collateral channels , interconnections of blood vessels
Definition
vascular anastomoses
Term
________ is the first visible sign of Atherosclerosis (accumulation of Foam Cells at Injury Site on Endothelium)
Definition
Fatty Streak
Term
________ the Atherosclerotic Plaques become unstable - lead to formation of Blood Clot ( Thrombus)
Definition
Unstable Plaques
Term
At least ______ of all MIs are caused by Plaques that are too small to show up even on Arteriograms!!!
Definition
1/3
Term
At least 1/3 of all MIs are caused by Plaques that are too small to show up even on ____________!!!
Definition
Arteriograms
Term
__________ which carry Cholesterol in the blood accummulate at the site & Oxidize!!
Definition
LDLs(Low-Density Lipoproteins)
Term
Low-Density Lipoproteins which carry ___________ in the blood accummulate at the site & __________!!
Definition

Cholesterol

Oxidize

Term
The Macrophages start consuming the oxidized Lipids & some become so overfilled that they become : ____________
Definition
Foam cells
Term
The ________ start consuming the oxidized Lipids & some become so overfilled that they become : Foam Cells
Definition
Macrophages
Term
_________ restores Coronary Circulation using Leg VV or sm Thoracic AA as detour around site
Definition

CABG

 

Coronary Artery bypass w/ grafting 

Term
__________ ballon catheter up the leg smashes plaque against bl vessel wall enlarging Lumen
Definition
Ballon Angioplasty
Term
_________ build up of plaque returns
Definition
Restenosis
Term

___________ - the "good" Lipoprotein!!

 

-removes Cholesterol from blood vessel walls & takes to liver!! 

Definition
HDL ( High-Density Lipoprotein )
Term
________ is the legs of circle of willis
Definition
Vertebral Artery
Term
____________ is the body of circle of willis
Definition
Basilar
Term
___________ is the arms of the circle of willis
Definition
Posterior Cerebral Artery
Term
__________ antenna of the circle of willis
Definition
Anterior cerebral
Term
___________ connects the antenna of the circle of willis
Definition
Anterior Communicating Artery
Term
__________ is the cut artery to form the eyes of the circle of willis
Definition
Internal Carotid
Term
__________ is "cellular drinking"
Definition
Pinocytosis
Term
______________ channel from : Pulmonary Trunk to Aorta.
Definition
Ductus Arteriosus
Term
("oval door") hole between Atria
Definition
Foramen Ovale
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