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Blood Vessels
Unit 3
29
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/05/2012

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Term
What three layers compose blood vessels?
Definition
1. TUNICA (“coat”) INTIMA
2. TUNICA MEDIA
3. TUNICA ADVENTITIA (TUNICA EXTERNA)
Term
What are the two layers of the TUNICA INTIMA?
Definition
ENDOTHELIUM
SUBENDOTHELIUM
Term
Which layer of blood vessels contains smooth muscle tissue?

Which layer has elastic fibers?

What are the functions of smooth muscle and elastic fibers?
Definition
TUNICA MEDIA has smooth muscle and elastic fibers

SMOOTH MUSCLE Allows blood to be directed to parts of body by vasoconstriction.

ELASTIC FIBERS: within smooth muscles. Allows blood vessels to return to normal size, and to stretch during systole.
Term
What are the three functions of the TUNICA ADVENTITIA (TUNICA EXTERNA)
Definition
a. Protects the blood vessel (strong)
b. Gives vessel strength for shape
c. Anchors vessel to surrounding tissue; loosens with age.
Term
What is a blood vessel that supplies a blood vessel called?
Definition
VASO VASORUM
Term
Do arteries always contain oxygenated blood?
Definition
No; the pulmonary and umbilical arteries have deoxygenated (blue) blood.
Term
What is a sac-like out pouching of an artery called?
Definition
ANEURYSM
Term
What are three causes of an aneurysm?
Definition
– Defect in part of the artery wall
– High blood pressure
– Congenital (present at birth)
Term
Which artery is a good place to take a pulse?
Definition
Femoral artery: good place to take a pulse since it is superficial, but that also makes it susceptible to injury.
Term
The circle of Willis forms a loop around which structures?
Definition
Circle of Willis forms a loop around the pituitary gland and the optic chiasma
Term
Which capillaries are found where lots of fluids need to be moved back and forth, such as in the small intestine?
Definition
FENESTRATED CAPILLARIES
Term
What type of capillaries are found in the red marrow because their gaps are so large, a RBC can fit through?
Definition
DISCONTINUOUS (sinusoidal) capillaries
Term
What is found at the start of each capillary?

What is the function of this structure?
Definition
PRE-CAPILLARY SPHINCTER controls the flow of blood to individual capillaries. It directs the blood flow to specific cells.
Term
Name the 2 varieties of VEINS
Definition
VENULE: this is the smallest. It takes blood from the capillary to the vein.

VEIN: takes blood to the heart.
Term
How is blood able to get uphill and return to the heart without backing up?
Definition
Skeletal muscle pushes on the vein to move the blood uphill, and the valves keep it from falling backwards and backing up.
Term
What are the only BLOOD vessels that have valves
Definition
Veins are the only BLOOD vessels that have valves (although LYMPH vessels also have valves).
Term
Name 3 BLOOD PUMPS
Definition
1. The heart
2. Elastic arteries
3. Muscles constricting the veins
Term
What vessel is often used to bypass a damaged coronary artery in coronary bypass surgery, and is the most likely vein to become varicose?
Definition
Saphenous vein
Term
What vessel drains from the danger triangle into the dural sinuses of the brain?
Definition
Facial vein
Term
What vessel is oxygen poor, but contains the lowest concentration of nitrogen waste.
Definition
Renal vein
Term
Name 3 Veins that are rich in oxygen and nutrients:
Definition
Umbilical vein
Hepatic Portal vein
Pulmonary vein
Term
What is the term for a vein that has incompetent valves?
Definition
VARICOSE VEINS
Term
What is the name of the condition when a person has inflamed veins?
Definition
PHLEBITIS
Term
What are three treatments for this condition?
Definition
LASER, SCLEROSING, SURGERY
Term
What are the two types of EDEMA?
Which is more severe?
Definition
1.Pitting: worse in the evening.
2. Non-pitting This is more severe because it does not go away easily. Just as swollen in morning as evening
Term
Why is PHLEBITIS dangerous?
Definition
Phlebitis can be associated with the formation of blood clots (thrombosis), usually in the deep veins of the legs, the condition is called Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis (DVT).
Term
What vessel in the fetus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch so that most of the blood bypasses the immature lungs?
Definition
Ductus arteriorsis
Term
What structure in the fetus connects the right atrium to the left atrium?
Definition
Foramen ovale
Term
What does the Foramen Ovale become (shortly after birth)
Definition
Fossa Ovalis
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