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Blood Vessels & Circulation
Chapter 21
37
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
03/12/2011

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Term
Tunica Interna
Definition
endothelial cells (simple squamous epithelium) Injury => inflammatory response (blood clotting)
Term
Tunica Media
Definition
Smooth muscle and elastin
Term
Tunic externa
Definition
(adventitia) connective tissue, collagen, and elastin
Term
Do arteries or veins have thicker walls?
Definition
arteries
Term
Do arteries or veins collapse?
Definition
veins
Term
Do arteries or veins have a thicker tunica externa?
Definition
Veins
Term
Do arteries or veins have a thicker tunica media
Definition
Arteries
Term
What layers make up the capillaries?
Definition
tunica interna only (endothelial layer), NO media or externa
Term
What 3 things is movement of material across the capillary wall due to?
Definition
1.Diffusion: conc. gradients
2.Filtration: hydrostatic press.
3.Reabsorption: osmosis
Term
What are the 4 types of capillaries?
Definition
1.Specialized Continuous
2.Continuous
3.Fenstrated
4.Sinusoids
Term
Describe a continuous capillary. Where are they found?
Definition
complete endothelial lining, premits movement of H2O, small solutes, & lipid-soluble material. Prevents loss of blood cells & plasma
Found: most regions of body
Term
Describe Fenstrated Capillaries. Where are they found?
Definition
Has pores; exchange of H2O & solutes as large as small peptides (# of pores & permeability vary)
Found: choroid plexus, endocrine glands, GI tract, filtration slits in Kidneys
Term
Describe Sinusoids. Where are they found?
Definition
gaps between adjacent endothelial cells, thin or absent basement membrane. Exchange of H2O and solutes as large as plasma proteins.
Found: liver, bone marrow, ant. pituitary gland, & adrenal gland
Term
List the different structures found in a capillary bed
Definition
-precapillary sphincter:band of smooth m. (controls enterance to capillaries)
-metarterioles: smooth m.
-throughfare channel: preferred
-arteriovenous anastomoses: arteriole to venule w/out passing through capillaries
Term
How ofter do the precapillary sphincters cycle through periods of contraction/ relaxation?
Definition
every 6 seconds
Term
Which vessel is the most important factor for vasoconstriction/ vasodilation?
Definition
Arterioles (resistance vessels)
Term
Oxygen is in the capillaries during:
Definition
contraction
Term
Oxygen in absent from the capillaries during:
Definition
Relaxation
Term
What percent of the vessels within a capillary bed does blood flow through at rest?
Definition
25%
Term
What causes compression of veins?
Definition
Contraction of muscles
Term
Varicose veins are a result of:
Definition
Valves failing
Term
Describe the process of inhalation
Definition
inhale => thoracic cav. expands => press. goes down => pulls air into lungs & blood into vena cava (vol. inc. = press. dec.)
Term
Describe the process of exhalation
Definition
thoracic cavity gets smaller => press. increases => air goes out and blood goes into R. atrium
Term
What are the 3 determining factors of resistance in Poiseuille's formula?
Definition
Viscosity of blood
Lumen's radius (most important)
Length of the tube
Term
What are the 4 factors that determine blood flow?
Definition
Vessel length (proport. to resist.)
Vessel diam.
viscosity
Turbulence (bifurcations)
Term
Flow is directly proportional to:
Definition
pressure gradient. Hydrostatic pressure pushes on walls in all directions
Term
Systolic pressure
Definition
peak pressure during contraction of the ventricles
Term
Diastolic pressure
Definition
minimum pressure in the ventricles while resting
Term
Hypertenstion
Definition
systolic > 120mmHg
Diastolic > 80mmHg
Term
Pulse pressure
Definition
Systolic - Diastolic
Term
MAP
Definition
Diastolic + (Pulse press./3)
Term
What are the Kidneys role in blood pressure regulation?
Definition
Renin => angiotensin: Increase PR => increase blood vol. (aldosterone)
Term
Which vein is commonly used to take blood?
Definition
Median Cubital
Term
What is the purpose of the umbilical vein?
Definition
Carries Oxygenated blood to babys heart
Term
What is the purpose of the umbilical arteries?
Definition
Carry deoxygenated blood from the internal iliacs
Term
A shortcut in the fetus from the R. atruim to the L. atrium
Definition
Foramen ovale
Term
A shortcut from the pulmonic trunk to the aorta
Definition
Ductus arteriosus (ligamentum arteriosum)
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