Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Blood Vessel
EXAM 2
55
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/13/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Name three blood vessels
Definition
ateries, veins, capillaries
Term
Arteries/Arterioles carry blood from the _____ to the _____.
Definition
heart to the capillaries
Term
What are the microscopic 'exchange' vessels called?
Definition
capillaries
Term
Venules/Veins carry blood from the _____ back to the____.
Definition
capillaries back to the heart
Term
What are the three possible layers of vessel walls?
Definition
Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia
Term
Describe tunica intima
Definition
simple squamous lining, common to all vessels
Term
Describe tunica media
Definition
combo of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
Term
Describe tunica adventitia
Definition
loose/areolar connective tissues
Term
What type of arteries are the largest? And what makes them the largest?
Definition
elastic arteries, b/c they have alot of elastic CT in the tunica media
Term
Elastic arteries branch into...
Definition
muscular arteries
Term
This type of artery maintains a relative constant diameter..
Definition
elastic arteries
Term
The smallest muscular arteries give rise to...
Definition
arterioles
Term
Proximal arterioles (near the artery) have which tunics?
Definition
all 3
Term
As the end of the arteriole approaches the capillary, what happens to the tunics?
Definition
It loses adventitia completely and media partially
Term
After the capillaries where does the blood continue to go?
Definition
venules - veins - IVC&SVC
Term
What happens to blood pressure in the arterioles?
Definition
There is a dramatic decrease
Term
How is the BP in the capillaries?
Definition
none at all
Term
Where is the thoroughfare channel located?
Definition
between the arterioles, on the way to the venules and through the capillary bed.
Term
What is the name of the entrance to true capillaries?
Definition
pre-capillary sphincter
Term
What affects capillary exchange?
Definition
hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure, concentration gradients
Term
Capillaries contain which tunic(s)?
Definition
tunica intima
Term
Capillary filtration
Definition
Filtration process where RBCs and most plasma proteins stay inside the capillary
Term
What does make it through and out of the capillaries becomes...
Definition
interstitial fluid
Term
Any plasma proteins leftover in the capillary after filtration goes to..
Definition
lymphatic capillaries
Term
What happens to the fluid in lymphatic capillaries?
Definition
It joins the lymph circulation and eventually returns to blood
Term
Venules start out as..
Definition
post capillary venules
Term
Post capillary venules are composed off which tunic(s)?
Definition
tunica intima and a thin adventitia
Term
________ are the main site of WBC pavementing and extravasation.
Definition
post capillary venules
Term
Which two vessels have all three tunics?
Definition
arteries and veins
Term
what two factors help return low pressure venous blood to the heart?
Definition
muscular and respiratory pump
Term
Which veins do not use a muscular pump? and why?
Definition
superficial veins b/c they are just below the skin
Term
How does the respiratory pump function?
Definition
It increases abdominal pressure, puts increased pressure into the vena cava
Term
How does cardiac output affect BP?
Definition
the higher the cardiac output, the greater the blood pressure
Term
How does blood viscosity affect BP?
Definition
increased thickness = increased resistance, increased pressure
Term
How does vessel diameter affect BP?
Definition
decreased diameter = increased resistance and increased BP
Term
How does the total length of blood vessels affect BP?
Definition
longer the length = increased resistance
Term
What determines the length of blood vessels?
Definition
weight
Term
How does blood volume affect BP?
Definition
increased volume = increased pressure
Term
How does elasticity of blood vessels affect BP?
Definition
good arteries are elastic, so decreased elasticity = increased pressure
Term
What do diuretics do?
Definition
decrease blood volume
Term
What do blood thinners do?
Definition
decreased blood viscoscity
Term
What do beta blockers do?
Definition
block sympathetic stimulus, stops vasoconstriction and decreases heart rate
Term
Part of the sympathetic system, what constantly sends signals out to the vessels causing a moderate state of constriction?
Definition
vasomotor tone
Term
The frequency of the vasomotor tone firing determines...
Definition
constriction of the fibers
Term
The vasomotor center is influenced by:
Definition
baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and high brain center (cortical or limbic)
Term
What are baroreceptors?
Definition
specialized pressure receptors in the aortic arch, carotid sinuses. send signals to the vasomotor center
Term
Lying down, BP is normal, then get up fast and gravity drains blood down and there is a rapid drop in BP. baroreceptor signal to go slow and vasomotor center responds by increasing vasoconstriction. This is an example of what?
Definition
Baroreceptor reflex - neg. feedback reflex
Term
Chemoreceptors
Definition
sensitive to change in partial pressure of oxygen. A decrease in PO2 would increase PCO2 and decrease pH and BP
Term
How do higher brain centers influence the vasomotor center?
Definition
anger increases BP, emotional shock decreases BP
Term
How does epinephrine affect vessels?
Definition
constricts dermal and visceral vessels. dilates skeletal, brain and lung vessels.
Term
How does ADH affect vessels?
Definition
vasoconstriction only in very high concentration - hemorrhage
Term
How does angiotensin II affect vessels?
Definition
powerful constrictor. indirectly affects aldosterone and therefore blood volume
Term
How does ANP (ANF) affect vessels?
Definition
indirectly affects the release of (rennin) angiotensin
Term
Long term regulation of BP is affected by..
Definition
ADH and aldosterone
Term
____ counteracts aldosterone
Definition
ANP (ANF)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!