Term
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Definition
| ateries, veins, capillaries |
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Term
| Arteries/Arterioles carry blood from the _____ to the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the microscopic 'exchange' vessels called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Venules/Veins carry blood from the _____ back to the____. |
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Definition
| capillaries back to the heart |
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Term
| What are the three possible layers of vessel walls? |
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Definition
| Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia |
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Term
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Definition
| simple squamous lining, common to all vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| combo of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue |
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Term
| Describe tunica adventitia |
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Definition
| loose/areolar connective tissues |
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Term
| What type of arteries are the largest? And what makes them the largest? |
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Definition
| elastic arteries, b/c they have alot of elastic CT in the tunica media |
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Term
| Elastic arteries branch into... |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of artery maintains a relative constant diameter.. |
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Definition
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Term
| The smallest muscular arteries give rise to... |
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Definition
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Term
| Proximal arterioles (near the artery) have which tunics? |
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Definition
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Term
| As the end of the arteriole approaches the capillary, what happens to the tunics? |
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Definition
| It loses adventitia completely and media partially |
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Term
| After the capillaries where does the blood continue to go? |
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Definition
| venules - veins - IVC&SVC |
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Term
| What happens to blood pressure in the arterioles? |
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Definition
| There is a dramatic decrease |
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Term
| How is the BP in the capillaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the thoroughfare channel located? |
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Definition
| between the arterioles, on the way to the venules and through the capillary bed. |
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Term
| What is the name of the entrance to true capillaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| What affects capillary exchange? |
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Definition
| hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure, concentration gradients |
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Term
| Capillaries contain which tunic(s)? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Filtration process where RBCs and most plasma proteins stay inside the capillary |
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Term
| What does make it through and out of the capillaries becomes... |
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Definition
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Term
| Any plasma proteins leftover in the capillary after filtration goes to.. |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the fluid in lymphatic capillaries? |
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Definition
| It joins the lymph circulation and eventually returns to blood |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Post capillary venules are composed off which tunic(s)? |
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Definition
| tunica intima and a thin adventitia |
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Term
| ________ are the main site of WBC pavementing and extravasation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which two vessels have all three tunics? |
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Definition
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Term
| what two factors help return low pressure venous blood to the heart? |
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Definition
| muscular and respiratory pump |
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Term
| Which veins do not use a muscular pump? and why? |
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Definition
| superficial veins b/c they are just below the skin |
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Term
| How does the respiratory pump function? |
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Definition
| It increases abdominal pressure, puts increased pressure into the vena cava |
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Term
| How does cardiac output affect BP? |
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Definition
| the higher the cardiac output, the greater the blood pressure |
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Term
| How does blood viscosity affect BP? |
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Definition
| increased thickness = increased resistance, increased pressure |
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Term
| How does vessel diameter affect BP? |
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Definition
| decreased diameter = increased resistance and increased BP |
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Term
| How does the total length of blood vessels affect BP? |
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Definition
| longer the length = increased resistance |
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Term
| What determines the length of blood vessels? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does blood volume affect BP? |
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Definition
| increased volume = increased pressure |
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Term
| How does elasticity of blood vessels affect BP? |
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Definition
| good arteries are elastic, so decreased elasticity = increased pressure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What do blood thinners do? |
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Definition
| decreased blood viscoscity |
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Term
| What do beta blockers do? |
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Definition
| block sympathetic stimulus, stops vasoconstriction and decreases heart rate |
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Term
| Part of the sympathetic system, what constantly sends signals out to the vessels causing a moderate state of constriction? |
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Definition
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Term
| The frequency of the vasomotor tone firing determines... |
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Definition
| constriction of the fibers |
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Term
| The vasomotor center is influenced by: |
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Definition
| baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and high brain center (cortical or limbic) |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized pressure receptors in the aortic arch, carotid sinuses. send signals to the vasomotor center |
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Term
| Lying down, BP is normal, then get up fast and gravity drains blood down and there is a rapid drop in BP. baroreceptor signal to go slow and vasomotor center responds by increasing vasoconstriction. This is an example of what? |
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Definition
| Baroreceptor reflex - neg. feedback reflex |
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Term
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Definition
| sensitive to change in partial pressure of oxygen. A decrease in PO2 would increase PCO2 and decrease pH and BP |
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Term
| How do higher brain centers influence the vasomotor center? |
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Definition
| anger increases BP, emotional shock decreases BP |
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Term
| How does epinephrine affect vessels? |
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Definition
| constricts dermal and visceral vessels. dilates skeletal, brain and lung vessels. |
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Term
| How does ADH affect vessels? |
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Definition
| vasoconstriction only in very high concentration - hemorrhage |
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Term
| How does angiotensin II affect vessels? |
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Definition
| powerful constrictor. indirectly affects aldosterone and therefore blood volume |
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Term
| How does ANP (ANF) affect vessels? |
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Definition
| indirectly affects the release of (rennin) angiotensin |
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Term
| Long term regulation of BP is affected by.. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ counteracts aldosterone |
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Definition
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