Term
| Why must donors not eat raw diets? |
|
Definition
| blood cultures show low levels of bacteria = unsafe for patient; also bags contain dextrose |
|
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Term
| Canine donor qualifications, and why each is important: |
|
Definition
-altered, no Hx of breeding (Dz, typing)
-no Hx of receiving blood products (typing)
-no raw diets (low levels bacteria in blood, bags have dextrose)
-no Hx of allergen-Ab injections (immunogenic = more likely to trigger rxn; also allergy pts tend to have nasty skin) |
|
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Term
| Why is PCR used to test for some infectious Dz screening? |
|
Definition
| can detect a single strand of DNA, so 100% accurate detection, even before CS |
|
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Term
| What Dz's are canine donors tested for? |
|
Definition
-Babesia canis/gibsonii
-Leishmaniasis
-Ehrlichia canis
-Anaplasmosis
-Brucellosis
-Bartonellosis
-Borrelia
-RMSF
-Mycoplasma canis
-Dirofilaria immitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-tick-borne protozoan
-B. canis in greyhounds
-B. gibsonii in pitties
-PCR |
|
|
Term
| How often are donors tested for infectious Dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-zoonotic protozoan
-transmitted by sandfly
-in US from servicemen, also English foxhounds in '80s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-in Midwest
-check animal for fleas, ticks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-bacterial STD
-carriers or actively Dz'd
-especially important to test in males, can be asymptomatic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Borrelia = Lyme
-RMSF = Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
-CANNOT be transfused, but important for donor health
-do SNAP, then PCR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-newly added to screening process
-IMHA
-think it's from fleas
-PCR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-heartworm antigen NOT transmitted
-but microfilaria can cause embolism
-test with SNAP and direct |
|
|
Term
| Donation amounts for dog? cat? What amount can be taken safely? |
|
Definition
Dog: 450 mL
Cat: 53 mL
safely: 10 mL/# |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-DEA = Dog Erythrocyte Antigens
-1.1, 1.2, 3, 5, 7 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-important for clotting cascade, donors must have > 65%
-some breeds more prone to be deficient
-Dobes, GSDs, Chesapeake Bay Retrievers
-must test in these breeds because 14ga needle in jugular = unsafe for donor; also recipient needs to receive this factor |
|
|
Term
| Feline donor qualifications, and why each is important: |
|
Definition
-indoor only, no new cats (cat people more likely to get more cats, just need 1 flea/tick/etc to transmit Dz)
-altered, no Hx breeding (Dz)
-no transfusion Hx (typing)
-restricted medication use (wouldn't use hyperthyroid anyway)
-disposition |
|
|
Term
| What Dz's are feline donors tested for? |
|
Definition
-Mycoplasma (haemofelis, hemominutum, turicensis)
-Bartonellosis
-FeLV
-FIV
-Feline coronavirus - FIP
-Toxoplasmosis |
|
|
Term
| Do you have to test for donor blood type in dogs? cats? |
|
Definition
Dogs: not first time, because they aren't born with Abs to other types
Cats: YES, must test always! born with Abs to other types |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-protozoan that lives in muscle/tissue
-stress can make them get sick again |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-all cats have titer
-test second time after 3wks, if increased, do not donate bc = active infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-"Haemobartonella"
-3 strains: M. haemofelis, M. hemominutum, M. turicensis
-PCR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-not the same as "Haemobartonella"/Mycoplasma
-cat scratch fever bacteria
-PCR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often is blood collected from donors? |
|
Definition
-commercial bloodbanks collected from in-house donors every 3wks which is minimal time to replenish blood
-can be every 4-8 wks; every 8wks best for donor and owner compliance |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of a blood collection system for a cat? |
|
Definition
-60 mL leur-lock syringe
-3-way stopcock
-19ga butterfly needle
-collection bag |
|
|
Term
| What must you do with the feline blood collection system before taking the donation? |
|
Definition
-pre-load with 7 mL of CPDA (1:8 ratio)
-then fill rest of bag with 53 mL |
|
|
Term
| CPDA-1: what does it stand for? What is each component for? |
|
Definition
Citrate: anti-coagulant (like blue top tube)
Phosphate: buffer, ATP
Dextrose: nutrition for RBCs
Adenine: ATP |
|
|
Term
| How much CPDA-1 is in a canine collection bag? How much in a feline collection bag? |
|
Definition
63 mL in single canine collection bag
NONE comes in feline collection bag- must preload with 7 mL |
|
|
Term
| How is donor positioned / restrained for donations? |
|
Definition
| sternal or lateral, on table, 1 restrainer only |
|
|
Term
| How is the the amount of blood measured while collecting a donation? |
|
Definition
collection bag on a gram scale on ground
1 gm = 1 mL |
|
|
Term
| Are donors ever given sedatives? |
|
Definition
| -most cats get Butorphanol @ 0.4 mg/kg |
|
|
Term
| What is a common side effect of blood donation in cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Generally, a PCV of ___% or an albumin of ___ would be "transfusion triggers," but some animals are fine at these numbers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indications for transfusion therapy: |
|
Definition
-anemias
-hemostatic disorders
-protein-losing diseases
-protein-production diseases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-acute blood loss
-persistent hemorrhage
-chronic blood loss
-IMHA
-non-regenerative anemia |
|
|
Term
| Examples of hemostatic disorders: |
|
Definition
Hemophilia A (lack factor 8)
Hemophilia B (lack factor 9) |
|
|
Term
| Maximum rate to administer blood products? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transfusion Acquired Circulatory Overload: bc plasma is colloid |
|
|
Term
| ___ amount of whole blood can raise the recipient's PCV by ___%. |
|
Definition
| 1 ml/lb of WB raises recipient's PCV by 1% |
|
|
Term
| Most severe type of transfusion reaction? |
|
Definition
| Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions |
|
|
Term
| Why aren't glass bottles used for blood collection anymore? |
|
Definition
-platelets and coag factors adhere to glass
-blood needs a poroud environment
-sometimes they're not actually vacuum-packed, and can push air into the donor |
|
|
Term
| What do you do with the donor after blood collection? |
|
Definition
-observed for pale MM, weakness, weak pulses, etc
-SQ fluids bolus (~500mL dogs, amount taken from cats) or IV if shocky
-meal
-keep quiet rest of day |
|
|
Term
| What happens with the blood bag after collecting the blood from a donor? |
|
Definition
| sealed, sections made for future crossmatches |
|
|
Term
| Alternative anti-coagulant to CPDA-1? What does it contain? |
|
Definition
ACD = Anti-coagulant Citrate Dextrose
-citric acid
-sodium citrate
-dextrose |
|
|
Term
| What should you do with the syringe while drawing blood for donation from a cat? |
|
Definition
| gently agitated to mix blood and anti-coag |
|
|
Term
| After collecting the 53 mL of blood from a cat, what do you do with the syringe and bag? |
|
Definition
-transfer blood to bag via stopcock
-clamp bag
-make sections for crossmatches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dyspnea, weak, pale MM, lethargy |
|
|
Term
| If a doberman lacks vWF, what can you give it preemptively before Sx to prevent hemorrhage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An animal that ingests rodenticide will need vit K supplementation and would also benefit from what sort of blood product? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood should be able to clot in how much time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some causes of non-regenerative anemia? |
|
Definition
-cancer like lymphoma, leukemia
-CRF |
|
|
Term
| Examples of protein-losing diseases: |
|
Definition
-diarrhea
-sepsis
-enteropathies
-nephropathies
-parvo |
|
|
Term
| Albumin makes up ___% of all plasma proteins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of protein-production diseases: |
|
Definition
-hepatitis
-maldigestion (upper GI)
-malabsorption (lower GI)
-pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
| The goal of a transfusion is to... |
|
Definition
| maximize lifespan of transfused product while treating an underlying disease, and restoring perfusion |
|
|
Term
| What is the "gold standard" of transfusion medicine? |
|
Definition
| componnent therapy, ie using optimal products in high concentrations for specific conditions |
|
|
Term
| How long can whole blood be considered FWB? How is FWB stored? |
|
Definition
| 8 hr after collection, RT with constant agitation to keep platelets and coagulation factors intact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-RBCs
-platelets
-all coag factors and plasma proteins
-HCT 35-50% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
restoring blood volume and oxygen-carrying capacity
-hypovolemic anemia
-acute bleeding with thrombocytopenia/pathia, active hemorrhage, shock |
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