Term
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Definition
| Blood is a type of connective tissue. It is a complex mixture of cells, chemicals and fluid |
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Definition
| Transports substances throughout the body, and helps to maintain a stable internal environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Red blood cells, white blood cells, and plasma |
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| What is a blood hematocrit? |
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Definition
| normally 45% cells and 55% plasma |
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Definition
| Plasma is a mixture of water, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, and cellular wastes. |
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Definition
| Formed elements: 95%RBC, .1% WBC, 4.8% Platelets |
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Definition
| Plasma: 92% Water, 7% proteins, 1% salts, wastes, nutrients, hormones, dissolved gases |
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Term
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Definition
1.red blood cells (erthrocyes) are biconcave disks that contain one-third oxygen-carrying hemoglobin by volume
2. when oxygen combines with hemoglobin bright red oxyhemoglobin results.
3.Deoxygenated blood (deoxyhemoglobin is darker.
4. Red blood cells discard tehir nuclei during development and so cannot reproduce or produce proteins. |
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Term
| What is a typical red blood cell count? |
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Definition
The typical red blood cell count is 4,600,000-6,2000,000 cells per mm3 for males and 4,500,000-5,100,000 cells per mm3 for females.
The number of red blood cells is a measure of the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity. |
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Term
| Where does red blood cell production occur in the embryo and fetus? |
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Definition
| In the embryo and fetus, red blood cell production occurs in the yolk sac, liver and spleen. |
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| Where does red blood cell production occur ? |
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Definition
| Red blood cell production occurs in the red bone marrow. |
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Term
| What is the average life span of a red blood cell? |
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Definition
| The average life span of a red blood cell is 120 days |
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Term
| Why does the total number of red blood cells remain relatively constant? |
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Definition
| The total number of red blood cells remains relatively constant due to a negative feedback mechanism utilizing the hormone erythropoitin, which is released from the kidneys and liver in response to the detection of low oxygen levels. |
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Term
| How does Vitamin B12 and folic acid affect synthesis? |
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Definition
| Vitamins B12 and folic acid are needed for DNA synthesis, so they are necessary for the reproduction of all body cells, especially in hematopoietic tissue, |
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Term
| What significance does iron play in synthesis? |
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Definition
| Iron is needed for hemoglobin synthesis. A deficiency in red blood cells or quantity of hemoglobin results in anemia. |
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Term
| What damages/destructs red blood cells |
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Definition
1. With age, red blood cells become increasingly fragile and are damaged by passing through narrow capillaries.
2. macrophages in the liver and spleen phagocytize damaed red blood cells.
3. hemoglobin from the decomposed red blood cells is converted into heme and globin.
4. heme is decomposed into iron which is stored or recycled and biliverdin and bilirubin which are excreted in bile. |
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Term
| Describe white blood cells |
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Definition
1.White blood cells (leukocytes) help defend teh body against disease.
2. they are formed from hemocytoblasts
3.Five types of white blood cells are in circulating blood and are distinguished by size, granular appearance of the cytoplasm, shape of the nucleus, and staining characteristics.
4.The types of white blood cells are the granular neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, and the agranular monocytes and lymphocytes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neutropils have red-staining fine cytoplasmic granules and a multilobed nucleus; they comprise 54-62% of leukocytes. |
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Definition
| Eosinophils have coarse granules that stain deep red, a bilobed nucleus, and make up only 1-3% of circulating leukocytes. |
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Definition
| Basophils have fewer granules that stain blue; they accound for fewer than 1% of leukocytes. |
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Definition
| Monocytes are the largest blood cells, have variably-shaped nuclei, and make up 3-9% of circulating leukocytes. |
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Definition
| Lymphocytes are long-lived, have a large, round nuclei, and accound for 25-33% of circulating leukocytes. |
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Definition
Functions of White Blood Cells
1. Leukocytes can squeeze between cells lining walls of blood vessels by diapedesis and attack bacteria and debris. |
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Term
| neutrophils and monocytes |
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Definition
| Neutrophils and monocytes are phagocytic, with monocytes engulfing the larger particles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Eosinophils moderate allergic reactions as well as defend against parasitic infections |
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Term
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Definition
| Basophils migrate to damaged tissues and release histamine to promote inflammation and heparin to inhibit blood clotting. |
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Definition
| Lymphocytes are the major players in specific immune reactions and some produce antibodies. |
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Definition
| Normally a cubic milliliter of blood contains 5,000 to 10,000 white blood cells. |
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Definition
| Leukocytosis occurs after an infection when excess numbers of leuocytes are present; leukopenia occurs from a variety of conditions, including AIDS. |
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Term
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Definition
1:600 of white/red cells=less numerous
Count rises rapidly with infections
Count greater than 12,000 mm3= leukocyotosis
Count below 5,000 = leukopenia
All leukocytes have life span of 1-8 days
EXCEPT lymphocytes—1year |
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Term
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Definition
Blood platelets are fragments of megakaryocytes.
2. Platelets help repair damaged blood vessels by adhering to their broken edges.
3. Normal counts vary from 130,000 to 360,000 platelets per mm3. |
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Term
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Definition
Plasma is the clear, straw-colored fluid portion of the blood.
1. Plasma is mostly water but contains a variety of substances.
2. Plasma functions to transport nutrients and gases, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and maintain a favorable pH. |
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Term
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Definition
The plasma proteins are the most abundant dissolved substances in the plasma.
2. Plasma proteins are not used for energy and fall into three groups--albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| The albumins help maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood and account for 60% of the plasma proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
The globulins, comprising 36% of the plasma proteins, are designated as alpha, beta, and gamma globulins.
Alpha and beta globulins function in transporting lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.
ii. Gamma globulins are a type of antibody. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibrinogen (4%) plays a primary role in blood coagulation. |
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