Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Blood Fluid Volume Control
Physiology of Blood fluid volume control
57
Anatomy
Professional
08/24/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
the macula densa is sensitive to what
Definition
Sodium concentration
Term
Where is the macula densa located
Definition
Close proximity to the distal convoluted tubule
Term
When the macula densa detects decrease sodium what does it interpreted as?
Definition
Decreased blood pressure
Term
When the macula densa detects decrease sodium what does it fire onto and cause?
Definition
Afferent arteriole causing vasodilation
Term
What happens after the afferent arterioles dilate and what does it release?
Definition
The juxtaglomerular cells which wrap around the afferent arteriole are stimulated and release renin into the blood
Term
what does renin combine with in the blood?
Definition
angiotensinogen
Term
where Is angiotensinogen made?
Definition
Liver
Term
When angiotensinogen is combined with renin what does it form?
Definition
angiotensin I
Term
Where does angiotensin one go to and what does it form?
Definition
the lung to form angiotensin two through a converting enzyme
Term
What is angiotensin II known as?
Definition
The most powerful vasoconstrictor known to human kind
Term
Angiotensin II will have its greatest effect on the ___
Definition
Efferent arteriole causing vasoconstriction
Term
Vasoconstriction from angiotensin II on the Efferent arteriole will open/constrict what arteries?
Definition
The artery coming into the glomerulus will open and close the artery leaving the glomerulus to increase pressure mechanically
Term
What will an increase in pressure do in the glomerulus
Definition
It will force fluid out of the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule for filtration
Term
Angiotensin two will go to the zone glomerulosa of the ____ to secrete ____
Definition
adrenal cortex, aldosterone
Term
The secretion of aldosterone will affect __ and excrete __; saving __
Definition
distal convoluted tubules
excreting potassium
saving sodium
Term
Saving sodium in the blood causes it to be picks up by the ___ and causing a release of ___
Definition
osmoreceptors of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus releasing ADH/Vasopressin
Term
ADH release from the hypothalamus will have its greatest effect on the ___
Definition
collecting ducts
Term
What is the effect of ADH on the collecting ducts
Definition
the collecting ducts are normally impermeable to water, ADH makes them permeable to water
Term
As the water leaks through the collecting ducts what is it picked up by and where does it go?
Definition
The oncotic pressure of the Peritubular capillaries and returns it to the blood
Term
What is the purpose of water in the blood and what does it shut off
Definition
Water dilutes the sodium concentration causing the shuts off ADH in the hypothalamus
Term
We made urine in the absence of ___
Definition
ADH
Term
The fluid in the collecting docs will leave by way of the ___ and enter the __
Definition
papilla, entering the renal pyramids
Term
Where doess fluid after it enters the papilla going to the renal pyramid go to
Definition
the minor calyx to the major calyx
Term
How does fluid pass through the minor calyx to the major calyx
Definition
through an opening called the renal sinus
Term
Where does the fluid go to after the major calyx
Definition
The renal pelvis
Term
Fluid will leave the renal pyramid by way of the___and into the ___
Definition
ureters through trigone to posterior bladder
Term
The posterior bladder is ___ to the psoas major muscle
Definition
Anterior
Term
Fluid will leave the bladder by way of the
Definition
Urethra
Term
How many parts is the male urethra broken up into
Definition
Four
Term
What is the first part of the male urethra and what does it pass through
Definition
Prostatic as it passes through the prostate
Term
What is the second part of the male urethra and what does it pass
Definition
The membranous urethra and it passes the urogenital diaphragm
Term
What is the urogenital diaphragm made up of
Definition
Levator ani and coccygeus muscle
Term
What is the third part of the male urethra and what does it pass
Definition
the spongy urethra; it passes through The corpus spongiosum
Term
What is the fourth segment of the male urethra
Definition
the urethra comes out of the head of the penis known as the penile urethra
Term
What is it if the penile urethra comes out on top (the dorsum) of the penis
Definition
epispadias
Term
If the penile urethra comes out on bottom what is it known as?
Definition
hypospadias
Term
What is responsible for an erection
Definition
Corpus cavernosa
Term
What nervous system is responsible for an erection?
Definition
Parasympathetic
Term
What nervous system is responsible for ejaculation
Definition
Sympathetic
Term
What is the muscle that voids the bladder
Definition
detruser
Term
What is absorbed the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Definition
everything
Term
What triggers the release of aldosterone
Definition
Angiotensin two
Term
Where does aldosterone's act upon?
Definition
The distal convoluted tubule
Term
What are two actions of Aldosterone
Definition
save Na+, secrete K+
Term
What triggers the release of ADH
Definition
increased Na+ osmolarity
Term
Where does ADH act upon
Definition
The collecting duct
Term
What is the action of ADH
Definition
Allows reabsorption of water by making collecting ducts permeable to water
Term
Distal convoluted tubule absorb sodium under the influence of
Definition
Aldosterone
Term
What is the best pad for GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
Definition
Inulin
Term
How many renal pyramids are located in the kidney
Definition
8 to 12
Term
What is located in the renal cortex
Definition
nephron, PCT, DCT
Term
What is located in the Renal medulla
Definition
Loop of Henley and collecting ducts
Term
What is located in the renal columns?
Definition
invagination of renal cortex between renal pyramids
Term
What is the loop of Henle
Definition
Countercurrent mechanism prevents excess ion excretion
Term
What are footlike processes in the kidney used for reabsorption
Definition
podocytes
Term
A short urethra in females could lead to
Definition
UTI
Term
The steps of the blood pathway in the kidney
Definition
Renal, interlobar, arcuate, infra-lobar, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, Efferrant arteriole, Peritubular capillaries
Supporting users have an ad free experience!