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Blood & Endocrine System
Test II
55
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
05/27/2015

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Term
What are the three major functions of blood?
Definition
Distribution , Protection, and Regulation
Term
Distribution of blood includes:
Definition
Supplies O2 from lungs to cells
Supplies nutrients from GI tract to cells
Transports Metabolic Wastes from cells
Transport Hormones to target tissue/organs
Term
Regulation of blood includes:
Definition
Body temp.
pH of body fluids
blood volume to support efficient circulation
Term
Protection of blood includes:
Definition
Prevents blood loss
Prevents infection through the activity of white blood cells
Term
What are the chemical characteristics of blood?
Definition
pH is 7.35-7.45(maintained by buffers)
Term
What are the physical characteristics of blood?
Definition
Viscosity , Color, Osmolarity
Term
Viscosity is:
Definition
Resistance of flow.
Term
Viscosity is determined by?
Definition
Red blood cells and albumins.
Term
The color of blood is determined by ?
Definition
Oxygen
Term
Oxygenated blood is
Definition
Red ( arterial)
Term
Deoxygenated blood is
Definition
Red/blue (venous)
Term
Two major components of blood are:
Definition
Plasma and formed elements
Term
Plasma is:
Definition
The liquid part of blood (55%)
Term
Formed elements are :
Definition
cells and cell fragments (45%)
Term
Name the three plasma proteins
Definition
Albumin, Globulins, and Fibrinogen
Term
Albumin
Definition
osmolarity (60%)
Term
Globulins
Definition
antibodies, transport (34%)
Term
Fibrinogen
Definition
clotting (4%)
Term
How many Erythrocytes (RBC) are in your blood stream?
Definition
4-6 million
Term
shape of red blood cell?
Definition
disc-shaped
Term
Composition of RBC?
Definition
33% hemoglobin
Term
Life span of RBC
Definition
120 days
Term
Is a RBC a true cell, why or why not?
Definition
No, lacks a nucleus
Term
Fucnction of RBC
Definition
gas transport (O2 and CO2)
Term
Why do males have more RBC's than females?
Definition
More Testosterone, Women have menstrual cycles , men have more muscle mass
Term
Four major changes erythrocytes undergo during erythropoiesis
Definition
Loses nucleus
Increases in number
produces hemoglobin
decreases in size
Term
What is a reticulocyte?
Definition
A young red blood cell with a well developed ER and ribosomes that produce hemoglobin
Term
How long does it take make a new RBC?
Definition
3-5 days
Term
When is erythropoiesis produced?
Definition
When there is a lack of oxygen
Term
What organs secrete erythropoietin (EPO)?
Definition
Kidneys and liver
Term
What is Hemoglobin A (HbA)
Definition
Adult hemoglobin
Term
What is oxyhemoglobin?
Definition
when one or more molecules if O2 are bound to a heme group
Term
What is deoxyhemoglobin?
Definition
when hemoglobin loses some of the oxygen bound to it
Term
What is carbohemoglobin?
Definition
When carbon dioxide binds to amino groups of Hb
Term
Hematocrit
Definition
percent of formed elements in blood, primarily RBC (45%)
Term
Polycythemia
Definition
high count of RBC. Can be caused by cancer of red bone marrow, dehydration, emphysema,high altitude, or physical conditioning, or by blood doping
Term
Anemia
Definition
low-oxygen- carrying ability of blood. Can be caused by low count of RBC's, low hemoglobin content or abnormal hemoglobin. Symptoms include: fatigue, paleness, and shortness of breathe
Term
Are Leucocytes (WBC) true cells, why or why not?
Definition
Yes, they have a nucleus
Term
What is the lifespan of WBC?
Definition
hours-years (varies upon type)
Term
What is the function of WBC?
Definition
Defense against pathogens
Term
What are the five types of WBC?
Definition
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Term
What do neurophils do?
Definition
increase in bacterial infecions
Term
What do eosinophils do?
Definition
Increase in parasitic infections and allergies
Term
what do basophils do?
Definition
increase in allergies
Term
What do lymphocytes do?
Definition
Increase in diverse infections and immune responses
Term
What do monocytes do?
Definition
increase in chronic infection
Term
Which are granulocytes?
Definition
Neurophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Term
Which are agranulocytes?
Definition
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Term
Order of abundance (leucocytes).
Definition
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
Term
Leukocytosis
Definition
High WBC count in infections, allergies and parasites
Term
Leukemia
Definition
high WBC count caused by cancer of hemopoietic tissue/ bone marrow
Term
Leucopenia
Definition
low WBC count caused by either poisoning, infectious disease or drugs
Term
How many thrombocytes are in the blood stream?
Definition
130,000-400,000
Term
Life span of platelets
Definition
10 days
Term
Is it a true cell why or why not?
Definition
No because it is a fragment of a megakaryocyte
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