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Blood Cell
Unit 3
51
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/05/2012

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Term
What test measures the percentage of blood volume that consists of erythrocytes by measuring the ratio of packed red blood cells to total blood volume?
Definition
Hematocrit
Term
What is the normal percentage of erythrocytes in blood?
Definition
45%
Term
Hematocrit measures the percentage of blood volume that consists of what cells?
Definition
Erythrocytes
Term
What is the most abundant type of WBC?
Definition
Neutrophils
Term
What WBC is the first to respond to infection?
Definition
Neutropils
Term
How do they destroy bacteria?
Definition
Phagocytize bacteria
Term
Which WBCs are the ones that primarily destroy the dissolved toxins that bacteria secrete into body fluids?
Definition
Neutropils
Term
What WBC secretes histamines?
Definition
Basopils
Term
What is it called when it leaves the circulation to enter the tissues?
Definition
Mast Cell
Term
Which WBC fights allergies and parasitic infections, and during these conditions, their numbers increase.
Definition
Eosinopils
Term
What are MONOCYTES called when they leave the circulation and enter the tissues?
Definition
Macrophages
Term
Which WBCs phagocytize bacteria?
Definition
Monocytes (macrophages) and neutrophils.
Term
What WBC kills viruses?
Definition
Lymphocytes (specifically, the T-lymphoctyes, also called T-cells)
Term
What WBC acts against a specific foreign molecule
Definition
All lymphocytes (B-cells and T-cells) act against a specific foreign molecule.
Term
What are the two main classes of lymphocytes?
Definition
T cells (T-lymphocytes) and B cells (B lymphocytes)
Term
Which WBC attacks organs after an organ transplant?
Definition
T Cell
Term
Which cells fight infection by becoming cells that produce antibodies?
Definition
B Cell
Term
What are the actual cells that produce the antibodies?
Definition
Plasma cells
Term
What are the two main features of mononucleosis?
Definition
Inflammation of lymph vessels (lymphangitis)
Infection of B lymphocytes with the Epstein-Barr virus
Term
Which immune system cell type is preferentially destroyed by the AIDS virus?
Definition
T cells (T-lymphocytes).
Term
By secreting hormones, the thymus causes which cells to become active?
Definition
T cells (T-lymphocytes).
Term
Why are most people sick more often as children than as adults in their 20s through 30’s?
Definition
We build up many varieties of memory lymphocytes during childhood, providing immunity from more and more antigens during adulthood
Term
What is a plasma protein involved in blood clotting?
Definition
Fibrin
Term
What are platelets responsible for?
Definition
Blood Clotting
Term
List the blood cells in order of longevity (life span), from longest—lived to shortest—lived.
Definition
lymphocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils
Term
What is a condition in which the blood’s capacity for carrying oxygen is diminished?
Definition
ANEMIA
Term
What blood disease is a form of anemia where the RBCs have abnormal hemoglobin that deforms the cells into strange shapes (target cells, spheres, but not sickled)
Definition
THALASSEMIA
Term
Which form of anemia is found especially in the African race; always characterized by sickle-shaped erythrocytes
Definition
SICKLE CELL DISEASE
Term
Which form of anemia is from a single amino acid mutation resulting in a valine amino acid substituted for glutamic acid?
Definition
SICKLE CELL DISEASE
Term
Which form of anemia is characterized by very large erythrocytes?
Definition
Megaloblastic anemia
Term
What type of anemia is from loss of intrinsic factor; a frequent result of gastric bypass surgery?
Definition
Megaloblastic anemia
Term
What type of anemia can occur due to a blood transfusion of mismatched blood?
Definition
Acquired Hemolytic anemia
Term
What type of anemia is it when a person cannot maintain iron in a reduced state?
Definition
G6PD deficiency
Term
What type of anemia is from chronic blood loss?
Definition
Hemorrhagic anemia
Term
What disorder of blood is characterized by too few mature white blood cells?
Definition
LEUKEMIA
Term
What condition are too few platelets (abnormally low concentration)?
Definition
Thrombocytopenia
Term
What is a hereditary disease of males, where they are unable to clot properly because they are missing some clotting factors?
Definition
Hemophilia
Term
What blood type is the universal donor?
Definition
Type O negative
Term
What blood type is the universal acceptor?
Definition
Type AB positive
Term
What disorder happens to an RH positive baby of an Rh negative mother?
Definition
HDN (Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn)
Term
What type of immunity is when the body is naturally exposed to an infectious agent and launches an immune reaction?
Definition
Naturally acquired active immunity
Term
What type of immunity is when a person receives a vaccination?
Definition
Artificially acquired active immunity
Term
What type of immunity is when a baby receives antibodies through mother’s milk?
Definition
Naturally acquired passive
Term
What type of immunity is when a person receives an infusion of antibodies?
Definition
Artificially acquired passive immunity
Term
What types of allergies are immediate and deadly?
Definition
Anaphylactic
Term
What type of allergic response is when the body’s first exposure to the substance will not cause a reaction, but all exposures afterward will trigger the response, such as with poison ivy?
Definition
Delayed allergic reaction
Term
What is a hereditary problem where the body thinks its own tissues are foreign bodies, and it constantly tries to kill off its own tissues?
Definition
Autoimmune disease
Term
What can cause hypoxia (decreased oxygen to the tissues)
Definition
A) Ischemia (reduced blood flow to a tissue)
B) Malfunctioning hemoglobin
C) Increasing altitude
Term
What is the antidote for arsenic poison (found in rat poison)
Definition
I.v. injection of vitamin K
Term
What is the effect of baby aspirin on prostaglandin synthesis?
Definition
It blocks the ability of COX to cleave arachidonic acid into prostaglandin (decreases PG synthesis)
Term
What does a decrease in PG synthesis do to clotting times?
Definition
Increases them so it takes longer to form blood clots
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