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Blood and Circulation
terms to know for anatomy quiz on blood and circulation
58
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/28/2007

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Term
Plasma
Definition
made of Water, Electrolytes and plasma proteins, and serum
Term

Platelets or Thrombocytes

Erythorocytes or Red Blood Cells

Leuocytes or White Blood Cells 

Definition
Formed Elements or Blood
Term
Serum
Definition
Plasma minus clotting factors; clear yellowish fluid that forms over clot or scab
Term

5-6 liters

4-5 liters 

Definition

Average blood volume of a man

Average blood volume of a woman 

Term

Biconcave disc

7 micrometers   

33% hemoglobin

no nucleus 

Definition
structure of a red blood cell
Term
Hematocrit
Definition
method for measurement of the number of REd Blood Cells
Term
Rubriblasts --> Reticulocytes --> Erythrocytes
Definition
stages of red blood cell life
Term
Reticuloendothelial Cells
Definition
Remove RBCs from the blood stream when they become older
Term
Erythropoietin
Definition
hormone that stimulates new RBCs
Term
Iron, Vitamin B-12, Folic Acid
Definition
nutrients required for RBC synthesis in the marrow
Term
Anemia
Definition
diminished concentration of RBCs
Term
Sickle Cell Anemia
Definition
poorly formed cells with fagile membranes
Term
Pernicious Anemia
Definition
inability of body to make intrinsic factor in the stomach which protects Vitamin B-12 from digestion prior to its absorption in the small intestine
Term
Polycythemia
Definition
excess of RBC's
Term
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Definition
Granular Leukocytes
Term
Lymphocytes, Monocytes
Definition
agranular leukocytes
Term
diapedesis
Definition
amoeba-like movement-able to move through minute openings to all parts of the body
Term
neutrophils
Definition
granular, phagocytosis and release of lysoayme, elevated count sugests bacterial infection
Term
eosinophils
Definition
granular, elevated numbers suggest allergy or paraite, large number in respiratory passages in asthmatics
Term
basophils
Definition
granular, similar to mast cells, release heparin, histamine and serotonin, elevation suggests allergy or parasite
Term
monocytes
Definition
agranular, can become macrophages, elevated numbers indicate longer term or chronic infections
Term
lymphocytes
Definition
agranular, elevated number usually indicates bacterial infection
Term
Leucocytosis
Definition
increase in total number of WBCs
Term
Leucopenia
Definition
Decrease number of WBCs
Term
Thrombosis
Definition
Unwanted clot in an unopened vessel
Term
Embolism
Definition
Blackage of vessel do to an embolus
Term
isoantigens or agglutinogens
Definition
antigens on the surface of red blood cells
Term
pulmonary circulation
Definition
circulation between right ventricle and left atriu, responsible for elimination of co2 and acquisition of O2
Term
Systemic Circulation
Definition
supply blood to the majority of the body's tissues
Term
Portal Circulation
Definition
further subdivision of the lower systemic circulation
Term
arterial end
Definition
part of circulatory system that is considered to be taing blood away from the heart and transporting oxygenated blood
Term
venous end
Definition
part of circulatory system that is taking blood back toward the heart and transporting deoxygenated blood
Term
tunics
Definition
layers of arteries and veins
Term
tunica intima
Definition
inner coat, a lining of endothelium that is in contact with blood of lumen
Term
Tunica Media
Definition
middle coat, usually thickest in arteries
Term
Tunica Externa
Definition
Composed of mostly loose CT will have some elastic and collagenous fivers, outer layer
Term
external elastic membrane
Definition
in some arteries, this spearates the tunica media from the tunica externa
Term
vacoconstriction
Definition
when the mooth muscles of artery walls contact, narrowing the width of the lumen
Term
vasodilation
Definition
muscles in arteries relax and results in an increase in diameter of the lumen
Term
collateral circulation
Definition
when there exists more than one route of blood supply to an area
Term
arterioles
Definition
small arteries which will eventually flow into the capillaries
Term
capillaries
Definition
microscopic blood vesses between arterioles and venules
Term
Precapillary sphincter
Definition
a ring of smooth muscle at the opening of a capillary
Term
venules
Definition
blood vessels between capillaries and veins
Term
varicose vein
Definition
when the walls of vein lose their elasticity and become stretched - often the result of a damaged valve
Term
hemorrhoids
Definition
varicosities in the veins and in the walls of the anal canal
Term
sublavian --> axillary --> Brachial --> Ulnar --> Radial
Definition
blood supply to the upper extremity
Term
Deep Palmar Arch and Superficial Palmar Arch
Definition
anastomosis of the Radial and Ulnar arteries in the hand
Term
Digital Arteries
Definition
arise from Palmer Arches and supply the digits
Term
Cephalic Vein
Definition
Begins in the veins of the hand and courses superiorly on the radial side of the forearm and continues superiorly on the lateral side of the arm
Term
Basilic Vein
Definition
begins on the ulnar side of the hand
Term
Common Carotid Artery
Definition
from brachiocephalic on the right, directly from the aortic arch on left.  Braches into Internal and External branches at the carotid sinus
Term
Internal Carotid Artery
Definition
Supplies the brain
Term
External Carotid artery
Definition
supplies external aspects of the head and neck
Term
vertebral artery
Definition
arises from subclavian, passes through transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae and the foramen magnum to the brain
Term
Basilar Artery
Definition
formed by union of left and right vertebral arteries
Term
Circle of willis
Definition
circular anastomosis of four areries that supply the brain, surrounts hypothalmus, and pituitary gland
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