Term
| During the Middle Ages, trade activity was low. Few items were traded by what method (the exchange of goods for goods)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reopening trade routes to the East was a major factor in the revival of European coommerce. What area gained a monopoly on Mediterranean trade? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the local markets (primary place of trade) What were the serfs allowed to do as an incentive to produce more than was needed to take care of the people on the manor and those in the towns? |
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Definition
| Serfs were allowed to produce extra goods and sell them for profit. |
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Term
| What was needed in the markets because merchants didn't know the value of foreign money? |
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Definition
| Money changers; they could judge the approximate value of coins, discover counterfeit money, and determine the value of foreign currency in relation to other currencys. |
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Term
| A "just price" included what? |
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Definition
| cost of materials, fair return for labor, and a reasonable profit. |
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Term
| True or False: Usury (practice of charging interest for the use of lent money) was not considered a view of the church and actually considered a sin. |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the economic principles brought about by the revival of trade and changes in European business methods? |
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Definition
| dignity of labor, legitamacy of profit, freedom of exchange, and individual (not group) responsibility for economic matters. |
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Term
| What did the Roman Catholic Church think about medieval business practices? |
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Definition
| The church discouraged economic activity. The church actually viewed with suspicion those people who traded. The church considered people involved in trade for a profit, selfish. The church said if you received more than a reasonable profit, then you were expected to give it to charity. The church prohibited usury (charging interest when lending money) and called it a sin. |
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Term
| What European military campaigns brought about renewed interest in international trade? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who served as middlemen in trade between Europe and the Orient? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the primary centers of trade on the local level in Europe? What were the centers of trade for large-scale international trade? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do we get our word for bank? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for changing interest for the use of lent money? What institution condemned this practice during the Middle Ages? |
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Definition
| Usury; the Roman Catholic Church condemned it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Exchanging goods for goods |
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Term
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Definition
| Gold coin minted by the city of Florence |
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Term
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Definition
| They exchanged different types of coins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Set prices for items where you woundn't get more than a reasonable profit. |
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Term
| What factors contributed to the growth of towns on medieval Europe? |
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Definition
| Increase of food (because of better farming methods), renewed trade, and population growth in Europe. |
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Term
| List four basic freedoms shared by most townspeople. |
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Definition
| Free Status (he was considered a free man), Exemtion from Manorial Obligations (exempt from laboring for the lord of the manor), Town Justice (tried in their own courts, not the courts of the feudal system), and Commercial Privileges (right to buy and sell freely in the town markets). |
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Term
| What is the primary function of a guild? |
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Definition
| To regulate the business activity of a given town. |
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Term
| What were the three classes of members of craft guilds? |
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Definition
| Apprentice, journeyman, and master |
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Term
| What new social class arose with the rise of towns in the eleventh and twelfth centuries? What were the chief occupations of the people of this class? |
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Definition
| Middle class, Merchants, bankers, craftsmen, and skilled laborers |
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Term
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Definition
| Legal document that contained the privileges given to a town by the feudal lord. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sought to organize and control trade in Sweden, Russia, Flanders, and England (the Baltic region). |
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Term
| What were three accomplishments of the middle class? |
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Definition
| 1. contributed to the decline of feudalism, 2. threatened the position of the nobleman in society, 3. weakened the nobility's political authority. |
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Term
| What slew 1/4 of the population of Europe in the 14th century? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the primary centers of education during the Middle Ages? |
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Definition
| Cathedrals and monasteries |
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Term
| Students during the Middle Ages chose their school according to what? |
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Definition
| What teacher they wanted. |
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Term
| Art and architecture of the Middle Ages were most influenced by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Francis of Assisi and Bernard of Clairvaux both wrote what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the English victories during the Hundred Years' War. |
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Definition
| Agincourt, Crecy, and Poitiers |
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Term
| The German Diet was similar to the English Parliament and the French Estates-General. Who were the members of the diet, therefore the real power in Germany? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the purpose of the Council of Constance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What family ruled England as a result of the Wars of the Roses? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: students at the university in Bologna formed a guild to ensure adequate teaching from the teachers. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Scholasticism sought to harmonize the teachings of the church (faith) and the writings of Greek philosoophers (reason). |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Medieval science didn't use many experiments to find accurate facts concerning the physical world. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of architecture was dark and heavy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of architecture was light and delicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: the German electors passed the imperial crown from one family to another in order to prevent one family from becoming too strong. |
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Definition
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Term
| List three factors that aided a revival of learning during the twelfth century. |
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Definition
| Political and economic conditions were improving, Contact with others opened new ideas, and towns grew |
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Term
| What were two of the earliest universities begun in Europe? How did they differ? |
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Definition
| in Bologna and in Paris, who ran the school |
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Term
| What is the name of the new intellectual movement characterized by a renewed interest in theology and philosophy? What did the philosophers and theologians of this movement try to harmonize? |
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Definition
| Scholasticism, faith and reason |
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Term
| What clouded the work of medieval science? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the two greatest writers of the late Middle Ages? Beside each man's name, identify his native country and the title of his important work. |
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Definition
| Date Alighieri-Italy-Divine Comedy, and Geoffrey Chaucer-England-The Canterbury Tales |
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Term
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Definition
| Latin, effective speaking, and logic |
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Term
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Definition
| arithmatic, geometry, astronomy, and music |
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Term
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Definition
| the earliest scholastic thinker |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| "the prince of the schoolmen" |
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Term
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Definition
| common spoken language (first literature was in the form of long narrative poems) |
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Term
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Definition
| wandering minstrels (who go from castle to castle singing) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What two nations fought during the Hundred Years' War? What were the dates of this war? |
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Definition
| England and France, 1337 to 1453 |
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Term
| Which side won most of the battles of this war? What side won the war? |
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Definition
| England won more but France won the war |
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Term
| What people did the Spanish and Portuguese seek the drive out of the Iberian Peninsula? What was this effort called? |
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Definition
| Moors (Spanish Muslims),Reconquista |
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Term
| What was the German constitution called? What assembly did it establish? |
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Definition
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Term
| Following the collapse of the Hohenstaufen house, what family came the occupy the throne of the Holy Roman Empire and ruled from Vienna until after World War I? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| new bows England had that helped them in the Hundred Years' War |
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Term
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Definition
| peasant girl who inspired Nationalism in the people of France by arousing the French king to action and rallying the troups. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| council like the Parliament |
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Term
| Which pope issued the papel bull Unam Sanctam? What did it assert? |
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Definition
| Boniface VIII, "It is altogether necessary to salvation for every human being to be subject to the Roman pope" |
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Term
| To what city was the papacy "exiled"? What is this period called? |
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Definition
| Avignon,France; "Babylonian Captivity of the church" |
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Term
| Name two of the church councils called to settle the Great Schism. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name for the time period where more than one pope claimed supremacy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two rulers married, therefore creating Spain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was humiliated and defeated by Philip IV? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was an English scientist in Medieval times? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the earliest scholastic thinker who used logical arguments to prove God's existance? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who wrote Summa Theologica? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who wrote about pilgrims traveling to Becket's shrine, giving a good picture of medieval life? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who wrote about an imaginary journey through hell, purgatory, and paradise? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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