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| Roman term for Mediterranean Sea |
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| what mountain range runs down the middle of the Italian Peninsula, but did not hamper the growth of ancient trade and travel? |
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| Rome began on the banks of what river? |
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| early settlers who settled in Latium, a plain south of the Tiber River near the western coast of Italy. |
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| beginning of the city of Rome formed by seven Latin villages. |
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| "League of the Seven Hills" |
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| according to Roman tradition (not historical documents) Rome was founded by whom? |
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| "common people" (like farmers, craftsmen, and traders) were called? |
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| authority of the king, symbolized by the fasces was called? |
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| Symbol of the king's power. Bundle of rods surrounding an axe. |
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| The first and most famous road in Rome |
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| Three governing branches of the first Roman Republic. |
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Definition
| consuls, Senate, and the assemblies |
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| most important and powerful body of the ancient Roman Republic. It served the interests of all the people. The members were appointed for life by the consuls. It also had veto power over the acts passed by the assembly. |
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| how long was the term of an early Roman Senator? |
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| Tell the steps of the Plebians' struggle to gain political and social equality |
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| 1. At first had no voice in govenment. 2. Given harsh punishment for not paying taxes. 3. Gained rights from patricians because they threatening to desert the army. 4. Gained right to have their own assembly with elected officials. 5. They could pass resolutions for the plebians. 6. Were allowed to elect 10 men to office of the tribune. 7. Were able to hold public offices. 8. A few plebians became senators. 9. Lastly they gained the ability to pass laws for all the Romans. |
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| Ten elected men to protect the rights and interests of the common people. They could stop unjust acts of the patrician officials. by crying, "Veto!" |
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| who were the inhabitants of early Italy? |
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| Latins, Phoenicians, Greeks, Etruscans |
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| who were descendants of Canaanites who had once lived in Phoenicia? |
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| war that was fought over the control of the island of Sicily |
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| how did the Romans defeat the Carthaginians at sea during the First Punic War? |
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Definition
| they dropped planks, like drawbridges, and crossed over and captured the ships |
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Term
| from where did Hannibal start marching into Italy? |
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| how did Hannibal beat the Romans in the Battle of Cannae in the Second Punic War? |
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Definition
| by surrounding the Roman army and wiping out most of them. |
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| who ruled Rome after Julius Caesar? |
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| reasons the Romans won the Second Punic War |
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Definition
| 1. Hannibal was unable to conquer the city of Rome. 2. Rome's subjects remained loyal to her. 3. Scipio forced Hannibal to leave Italy to defend Carthage. |
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| definition of "Carthaginian Peace" |
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Definition
| severe peace (the Romans utterly destroyed Carthage and sowed the ground with salt, and sold the surviving inhabitants into slavery.) |
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Term
| who tried to institute land reform by wanting to divide public lands among the poor? |
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Term
| the victory of Sulla in the First Civil War increased the power of whom? |
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Definition
| Senate (however, it wasn't enough power to maintain control of the government. |
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Term
| Romans used an army formation called a legion because the Greek phalanx had what problem? |
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Definition
| it couldn't maneuver very easily; it could go forward and backward, but could not turn easily |
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| meaning of "crossing the Rubicon" |
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| making a fateful decision from which there is no turning back |
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| what century was Julius Caesar assassinated in? |
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| what city in North Africa rivaled Rome for Mediterranean trade? |
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| at what battle did Hannibal defeat Rome during the Second Punic War? |
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| the men who collected taxes in the provinces were called? |
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| what ancient Roman Province is today almost entirely included in France? |
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| the term given to the commander of a victorious army |
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| imperator (that's where we get the work emporer) |
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| Greek general who beat the Romans twice, but at such cost that he lost the war |
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| Pyrrhus (thus we call a victory that wasn't worth the cost a Pyrrhic victory) |
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| who invaded Italy through the Alps? |
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| who defeated Hannibal at Zama during the 2nd Punic War? |
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| senator who urged the Romans to destroy Carthage |
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| first Roman to organize a professional army which served for financial gain instead of for patriotism? |
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| who sided with the Senate in the First Civil War? |
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| who was a member of a triumvirate with Julius Caesar and Pompey? |
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| who established a calendar that was the basis for the modern calendar we use today? |
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| who was defeated by Julius Caesar and killed in Egypt during the 2nd Civil War? |
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| who treated her captives with mercy and fairness, and therefore, won their loyalty |
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| Hannibal was able to defeat the Roman army at Cannae because of what? |
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| during the period of the Roman conquests, who was able to increase its power and to dominate the Republic? |
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| who was victorious during the First Civil War? |
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Definition
| Sulla (Senate) won, the people (Tribal Assembly) under Marius lost. |
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| list the problems that led to the decline of the Roman Empire. |
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Definition
| 1. Economic hardships fell of the farmers. 2. The governement wasn't able to help. 3. The Senate increased its power, but that didn't help. The Gracchi brothers wanted reforms for the poor, but there was a riot & Gaius lost his life (Senate then abandoned peaceful measures). 4. all this disorder led to civil war. |
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| put into sequence: defeat of Hannibal, death of Pompey, defeat of Pyrrhus, and Ides of March. |
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Definition
| defeat of Pyrrhus is before the 1st Punic War; the defeat of Hannibal is the 2nd Punic War; death of Pompey is during the 2nd civil War; Ides of March is at the end of the 2nd Civil War. |
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| T/F? The basic unit of early Roman society was the family? |
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| aristocratic class (wealthy people) in ancient Rome |
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| Carthage's expansion into Spain (an ally to Rome). |
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| what was the cause of the 3rd Punic War? |
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| Cato sought to arouse the Roman people against Carthage. He wanted Rome's old rival destroyed; which they did severly. |
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