Term
| 7 main groups of birds from PP: |
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Definition
| Psittacines Passerines Columbiformes Galliformes Ratites Raptors Anseriformes |
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Term
|
Definition
"hook bills"
parrots, budgies, cockatiels, etc |
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Term
|
Definition
"soft bills"
songbirds: finches, canaries, etc |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| chickens, turkeys, pheasants, quail, etc |
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Term
|
Definition
| eagles, hawks, falcons, owls, etc |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
waterfowl:
ducks, geese, swans, etc |
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Term
| Cockatoos are classified as ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Zebra finches are classified as ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Victoria crowned pigeons are classified as ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Button quail are classified as ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Peregrine falcons are classified as ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Emus are classified as ___. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Mallard ducks are classified as ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ used to be the most common choice for a first bird. ___ are now surpassing them. |
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Definition
| Budgies, cockatiels now surpassing |
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Term
|
Definition
-budgerigar (parakeet)
-cockatiel
-cockatoo
-lorikeet |
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Term
| One of the few sexually dimorphic parrots: |
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Definition
| eclectus parrots (males green, females red) |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Central and South American Psittacines |
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Definition
Parrots / Parakeets
-Amazon
-Quaker
Macaw
-Hyacinth
Conure |
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Term
| Super expensive Psittacine: |
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Definition
| Hyacinth macaw (~$15,000) |
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Term
| Eileen's "marriage birds" were: |
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Definition
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Term
| What S/C American psittacine eats nectar, is loud, and has projectile poop? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Lovebird
African Gray
-Timnah (red tail)
-Congo (orange tail, larger) |
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Term
| Unique features of avian skeleton? |
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Definition
-keel (sternum)
-clavicle
-coracoid
-pneumatic femur, humerous, some vertebrae |
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Term
| What do you call hollow bones? Which ones are these? |
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Definition
| pneumatic: femur, humerous, some vertebrae |
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Term
| Why did birds evolve such unique anatomy? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| air inside instead of marrow |
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Term
| Intraosseous fluids should never be given in ____ bones because... |
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Definition
| never in pneumatic bones because the fluid can go straight to the lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
-distal ulna
-proximal tibia |
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Term
| What attaches to the keel? |
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Definition
| large pectoral muscles needed for flight |
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Term
| What bone often breaks when a bird flies into a window? |
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Definition
| coracoid- can't do much to fix it |
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Term
| Term for the featherless tracks on the skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___% of a bird's body is featherless. |
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Definition
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Term
| A new feather is called ___ or ___. |
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Definition
| pin feather, blood feather |
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Term
|
Definition
| flight feathers on the wings |
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Term
| Types of flight feathers: |
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Definition
primary: first 10
secondary: next 10
Contour/Coverts: 4 or 5 layers |
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Term
| Feathers are made of ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| What do tattered feathers indicate? |
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Definition
| something is wrong with the bird- illness, lice, etc |
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Term
| Wing trimmed are usually performed on ___ featers. |
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Definition
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Term
| When performing a wing trim, you should leave a few of the outermost feathers. Why? |
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Definition
-looks more natural
-bird may not be tempted to bite at feathers |
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Term
|
Definition
-leave a few outermost feathers
-leave mature guard feathers on either side of blood feather
-do both wings, otherwise bird will hurt itself |
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Term
|
Definition
"winglet"
freely moving first digit on leading surface of wing; prevents stalling with a bird slows/stops |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| pigments lines perpendicular to length of feather that mark stunted growth due to stress |
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Term
| After moulting, how long does it take for a new feather? |
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Definition
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Term
| Factors that can cause stress bars: |
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Definition
-breeding
-photoperiod
-temperature
-humidity
-nutrition |
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Term
| What instruments can you use for wing trims? |
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Definition
-White's nail clippers
-suture scissors |
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Term
| Mature feathers do not have ___ or ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ may show up in a bird's feather when you first take it home. |
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Definition
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Term
| How to tell a blood feather from a mature feather? |
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Definition
| blood feathers have dark shafts |
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Term
| Steps to deal with bleeding feather: |
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Definition
1. identify which feather is bleeding
2. pull feather out with hemostats
3. hold to stop bleeding |
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Term
| What nutritional condition may cause respiratory problems in birds? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Large cavity in the avian skill? |
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Definition
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Term
| How to Tx sinus problems? |
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Definition
-flush with saline in nares
-massage head/sinuses to push out gunk
-wait too long = caseous abscesses |
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Term
| Why should you wrap the bird in a towel when performing a sinus flush? |
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Definition
| so bird doesn't become hand shy, ie associate hands with bad things |
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Term
|
Definition
| fleshy part of the bird's face which includes the nares |
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Term
| What is different about the avian respiratory system from mammalian? |
|
Definition
birds are way more efficient
-no diaphragm
-large trachea
-increased lung surface
-lungs don't expand, must expand chest
-air sacs to store air
-gas exchange on inspiration and expiration |
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Term
| Describe the avian respiration circuit: |
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Definition
Inspiration 1: air in trachea goes to caudal air sacs
Expiration 1: air in caudal air sacs goes to lungs
Inspiration 2: air in lungs goes to cranial air sacs
Expiration 2: air in cranial air sacs expelled from body |
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Term
| What not to do while restraining a bird: |
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Definition
| compress chest (needs to expand chest to breathe because lungs don't expand) |
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Term
| Birds are ___x more efficient at O2 exchange than any mammal. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the parts of the avian GIT from where food enters to where it leaves. |
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Definition
| mouth > esophagus > crop > proventriculus > ventriculus/gizzard > cloaca/vent |
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Term
|
Definition
| enlarged portion of esophagus where food is stored |
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Term
|
Definition
"true stomach"
-enzymes, etc necessary for digestion
-chemical breakdown of food |
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Term
|
Definition
"gizzard"
mechanical breakdown of food |
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Term
|
Definition
term for common exit point of the digestive / urogenital / reproductive systems
-cloaca is inside body (~rectum)
-vent is opening to the outside (~anus) |
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Term
| The avian GIT shows adaptations to flight how? |
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Definition
-shorter
-lower volume, won't weigh down
-usually defecate before take-off |
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Term
| The esophagus is located on the ___ side of the bird's neck. |
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Definition
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Term
| Too much grit in a pet bird's diet can cause... |
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Definition
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Term
| Bird eyelashes are called... |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| External auditory canals are covered with... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A bird constricting its eyes means... |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do raptor pellets form? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where to look for mites on a bird? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where to perform a hydration test on a bird? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Describe the appearance of the choana. |
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Definition
-V-shaped opening on the roof of the mouth
-closes during swallowing, connects oropharynx to nasal cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
-push food down esophagus
-vit A defic= short, blunt papilla |
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Term
| Yellow plaques in the mouth may be caused by... |
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Definition
-Candidiasis
-Trichomoniasis
-vit A deficiencies |
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Term
| How to ID culprit of yellow plaques in the mouth? |
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Definition
-direct smear: flagellates
stained slide: yeast |
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Term
| Terms for the creation of a pellet in raptors: |
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Definition
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Term
| Other terms for preen gland? |
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Definition
uropygial gland
grease gland |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| feathers sticking out of preen gland |
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Term
| Medical problems that can arise from the uropygial gland? |
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Definition
-abscess
-impaction
-cancer |
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Term
|
Definition
-some spp sexually dimorphic
-laparoscopy
-DNA test |
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Term
| Signs that uropygial gland has problem? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common mating style of birds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does shell formation take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does yolk formation take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the body create the egg shell? |
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Definition
| pulls calcium carbonate from female's diet |
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Term
| Possible causes of egg binding? |
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Definition
-obesity
-hypocalcaemia
-chronic egg laying can lead to hypocalcemia |
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Term
| Egg binding occurs most often in... |
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Definition
| little birds like finches, cockatiel, budgie |
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Term
|
Definition
-exhaustion
-weakness
-seizures
-fractures |
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Term
| How to treat chronic egg laying? |
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Definition
-dummy eggs
-change enviro to reduce stress
-don't reinforce sexual behaviors
-remove nesting materials
-exercise, nutrition
-decrease photoperiod
-hormones or OVH |
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Term
| Regular ___ is necessary for healthy, clean feathers. |
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Definition
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Term
| How might a pet bird get lead or zinc poisoning? |
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Definition
-old cages
-toys with little metal balls in them
-get shot |
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Term
| When housing a pet bird, beware of: |
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Definition
-predators
-tobacco
-salt, onion
-alcohol
-lead/zinc
-avocado, pistachio |
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Term
| How to assess bird's body weight/composition? |
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Definition
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Term
| An all-seed diet is deficient in: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Signs of Vit A deficiency: |
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Definition
-keratinized MM
-sinusitis
-dull feathering |
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Term
| Most nutritionally sound option for most pet birds? |
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Definition
-pellets, some fruits and veggies
-cockatiels need some seeds
-nectar diets from store okay for nectarivores |
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Term
| Why is it not recommended to use dietary supplements that you add to the bird's water? |
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Definition
| bacteria can grow easily there |
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Term
| PE consists largely of... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Sign of respiratory distress? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe how a sick bird may look or act: |
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Definition
-tail bob
-on ground, not perch
-droopy eyes, fluffed up, sleepy
-feathers shabby |
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Term
| 3 parts of bird droppings: |
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Definition
-brown/green feces
-white uric acids
-urine itself |
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Term
| Type of head restraint you can use on birds: |
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Definition
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Term
| How to cover talons during restraint? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What birds can hold their breath? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What bird bruises easily from restraint? |
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Definition
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Term
| Be careful restraining macaws because... |
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Definition
| white cheeks bruise easily - appear green, upsets owner |
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Term
| 3 veins for venipuncture: |
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Definition
-R jugular
-medial metatarsal
-brachial vein |
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Term
| Other terms for brachial vein? |
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Definition
-basilic/cutaneous ulnar vein
-wing vein |
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Term
| How much blood can you collect safely? |
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Definition
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Term
| Instead of checking BUN/CRIA, we check ___ in birds to assess kidney function: |
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Definition
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Term
| How to evaluate liver function? |
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Definition
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Term
| A radiograph of a normal, healthy bird will have the shape of ______ in the body cavity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Other names for avian chlamydia? |
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Definition
-ornithosis
-parrot fever
-Psittacosis
-Chlamydiaphila psittaci |
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|
Term
|
Definition
-lime/neon green uric acid poop (biliverdinurea)
-droopy eyes
-dyspnea, lethargy
-weight loss |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is avian chlamydia zoonotic? If so, CS in people? |
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Definition
| yes! flu-like in people, lasts a long time |
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Term
|
Definition
| Proventricular Dilitation Disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| -macaw wasting (in Psittacines) |
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Term
|
Definition
| prion, attacks GI and CNS |
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Term
|
Definition
-regurgitation
-may pass whole seeds
-weight loss
-still have appetite |
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Term
|
Definition
| meningeal encephalitis in sheep/horses, linked to PDD in birds |
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Term
|
Definition
| disease of usu. young birds causing anemia, bruising, sudden death in young birds, feather dystrophy in older birds |
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Term
| causitive agent of polyoma? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Polyoma most often affects... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Bird disease which now has a vaccine? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psittacine herpes virus causing respiratory problems, diarrhea, PU, and acute death |
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Term
| Disease which kills in a few days? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease |
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Term
| Disease that requires quarantine because there is no test or Tx? |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| By 2 years of ages, birds are immune to ___ but may still be carriers. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| PBFD most often affects... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-papules
-common in temperate areas |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disease that may be used in bioterrorism? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| END has a ___% mortality rate. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| USDA APHIS reportable disease? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What demographic of birds can get END? Why just them? |
|
Definition
-indoor poultry
-resistant to freezing but destroyed by dehydration and UV |
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Term
|
Definition
| Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service |
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Term
| Spikes in chicken and egg prices may be due to... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no Tx - euthanize all birds |
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Term
|
Definition
-respiratory, nervous, and digestive problems
-head pressing
-head twisted down and on hocks |
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Term
|
Definition
| Yes, but causes mild flu-like symptoms and conjunctivitis |
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Term
| A vaccine was developed for ____ but is proving more useful in ___ research. |
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Definition
| for END, but used in cancer research |
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Term
| Disease that people who work with birds can get? |
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Definition
| Bird Fancier's Lung (pulmonary Dz) |
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Term
| What demographic can get Bird Fancier's Lung? |
|
Definition
| people working in enclosed lg-volume bird areas |
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Term
| Bird Fancier's Lung is a type of... |
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Definition
| hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
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Term
| Bird Fancier's Lung causes... |
|
Definition
| inflamed lungs with granuloma formations |
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Term
| Causitive agent of avian TB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yes - birds can get all strains of TB, including ones to which people are susceptible |
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Term
| Birds can be asymptomatic carriers of... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How to test for avian TB? |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aspergillosis can take on 2 forms: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-dypsnea (tail bobbing)
-voice changes
-WBC > 20,000 ul |
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Term
| Aspergillosis has a ____ prognosis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What demographic gets aspergillosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Body's response to Aspergillus fungi? |
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Definition
| doesn't make any attempt to wall it off |
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Term
|
Definition
focal: can Sx insert slow-release pills areas containing pockets of fungus
generilized: not much to do? |
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Term
|
Definition
-depression
-watery droppings
-anorexia
-rapid death |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other names for Salmonella? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Salmonella transmitted? |
|
Definition
| fecal contamination or direct contact |
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Term
| Causitive agent for scale face / scaly leg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| keratin formation on face/legs |
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Term
| Term for chronic lead poisoning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-depression
-diarrhea
-CNS symptoms |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be used for chelation therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another term for crop stasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-viral, bacterial, yeast
-lead toxicity
-crop burn/hot |
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Term
|
Definition
| crop wash- continually flush and manipulate |
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Term
| How to tell if a bird has crop stasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It is normal to find some ___ and ___ in the crop. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| introduction of material to the stomach via a tube |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-feed
-medicate
-lavage crop stasis
-crop wash |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| tip toward top of beak, then right and down into esophagus and then crop |
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|
Term
|
Definition
-complex condition, so many causes
-Dz: parasites, Dz, nutrition, etc
-behavioral: sexual frustration, stress, temp, etc |
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|
Term
| In determining the cause of feather picking, one must first rule out... |
|
Definition
-nutritional deficiency
-sexual dominance/frustration
-feather/skin Dz
-skin parasites
-viruses
-intestinal parasiites |
|
|
Term
| Bad behavior of people around birds: |
|
Definition
| -reward bad behavior (screaming/biting) |
|
|
Term
| Bad behavior of birds around people: |
|
Definition
-screaming/biting
-height seeking, territorial of owner
-cage aggression |
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|
