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Biosystems
Ch. 1
22
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/03/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Anatomy
Definition
-gross (naked eye)
-microscopic
-developmental
-embryology
Term
gross anatomy
Definition
-macroscopic
-regional
-systemic
-surface
Term
microscopic anatomy
Definition
-cytology
-histology
Term
physiology (function)
Definition
-molecular/cellular
-systemic/organic
-dynamic
Term
complementary
Definition
the function of an organ/organ system depends on its structure
(form and function)
Term
hierarchy
Definition
arrangement of things in a ranked series
Term
non nested hierarchy
Definition
-pyramidal structure
-higher controls lower levels
-levels may interact but are physically independent
-ex. military ranks
Term
nested hierarchy
Definition
-aka inclusion hierarchy
-not necessarily pyramidal
-each level has members that are part of a larger system
-not independent
-ex. Russian dolls
Term
emergence
Definition
when components of nested hierarchies combine, new properties emerge that were not present at a lower level
Term
weak emergence
Definition
-emergence of properties that CAN be directly linked to properties of the component
-protein structure
Term
strong emergence
Definition
-emergence of properties that cannot be directly linked to the properties of the component
-ex. communication btw neurons
Term
hierarchy of the human body
Definition
-chemical level
-cellular level
-tissue level
-organ level
-organ system level
-organismal level
Term
homeostasis
Definition
ability of the body to maintain stable internal conditions
Term
variable
Definition
factor/event being regulated
Term
stimulus
Definition
a change in the variable
Term
receptor/sensor
Definition
monitors of the environment that responds to change
Term
control center
Definition
receives signal from the sensor and determines appropriate response
Term
effector
Definition
receives signal from control center and elicits a response from the variable
Term
negative feedback
Definition
effector turns off or reduces the original effect of the variable
Term
positive feedback
Definition
-response from the effector enhances the original stimulus
-not a good regulatory mechanism
Term
feedback mechanisms
Definition
-often do not work in isolation
-homeostasis occurs at the price of energy consumption
-homeostasis allows for adaptability
Term
feedback mechanisms may
Definition
-work antagonistically or synergistically
-compete with one another
-have a hierarchy
-have redundancy
-take priority over others
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