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Biosystems
Tissues
56
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
09/04/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
nervous tissue come from
Definition
ectoderm
Term
muscle and CT come from
Definition
mesoderm
Term
types epithelial tissue
Definition
-covering/lining epithelia
-glandular epithelia
Term
epithelial tissue characteristics
Definition
-polarity (apical/basal)
-basal/reticular lamina
-tightly packed cells
-avascular but innervated
-high rate of regeneration
Term
basal lamina structure/function
Definition
-noncellular
-glycoprotein/collagen
-scaffolding and selective filter
Term
basal lamina + reticular lamina
Definition
basement membrane
Term
tight junctions
Definition
-impermeable
-purely physical barrier
Term
desmosomes
Definition
-tension reducing network of fibers
-protein anchored
Term
gap junctions
Definition
-communicating junctions
-allow ions and small molecules to pass
Term
basement membrane maintains
Definition
boundaries
Term
squamous
Definition
flat
Term
simple squamous function
Definition
-diffusion
-filtration
-secretion
Term
simple squamous location
Definition
-glomeruli
-air sacs
-ventral body cavity
Term
simple cuboidal function/location
Definition
-secretion
-absorption
-kidney tubules
Term
simple columnar function/location
Definition
-absorption/secretion of mucus, enzymes, etc.
-digestive tract/gall bladder
Term
pseudostratified columnar function/location
Definition
-secretion of mucous
-sperm carrying ducts, trachea
Term
stratified squamous function/location
Definition
-protects underling tissues from abrasion
-esophagus, mouth,vagina
Term
stratified cuboidal
Definition
-rare
-some sweat/mammary glands
-typically two cells layers thick
Term
stratifed columnar
Definition
-limited distribution in the body
-pharynx, male urethra, some gland ducts
-transition areas
Term
transitional epithelium
Definition
-stretches readily
-urinary bladder
Term
gland
Definition
-makes and secretes an aqueous fluid usually protein/lipid
Term
endocrine glands
Definition
-ductless
-secrete hormones
Term
exocrine glands
Definition
-more numerous than endocrine
-secrete products into ducts (multicellular) or via exocytosis (unicellular)
Term
unicellular exocrine glands
Definition
goblet cells
Term
multicellular exocrine glands
Definition
-smaller than unicellular
-composed of a duct and secretary unit
Term
compound duct structure
Definition
multiple branching
Term
merocrine
Definition
-secretion by exocytosis
-pancreas, sweat, salivary glands
Term
holocrine
Definition
-rupture of gland cells
-sebaceous (oil) glands
Term
CT characteristics
Definition
-most abundant/widely distributed
-cells originate in mesoderm
-varying degrees of vascularity
-separated by ground substance
Term
CT functions
Definition
-binding
-support
-protection
-insulation
-transport
Term
CT ground substance
Definition
-medium thru which solutes diffuse btw blood capillaries and cells
-interstitial fluid, adhesion proteins, proteoglycans
Term
proteoglycans
Definition
-protein core + large polysaccharides
-trap water
Term
types of CT fiber
Definition
collagen, elastic, reticular
Term
collagen fiber
Definition
-strongest and most abundant
-provides tensile strength
Term
elastic fiber
Definition
-long thin stretchy
Term
reticular fiber
Definition
-short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers
-give support
Term
CT cells
Definition
-undifferentiated cells (blasts)
-mature cells (cytes)
Term
loose areolar CT
Definition
-gel like matrix
-wraps/cushions organs
-under epithelia body
Term
loose adipose CT
Definition
-closely packed fat cells
-reserve fuel, insulation, protection
-under skin in hypodermis
Term
loose reticular CT
Definition
-reticular fibers
-support other cell types
-lymph organs
Term
dense regular CT
Definition
-parallel collagen fibers
-attaches bones/muscles to bones/muscles, withstand tension in ONE direction
-tendons/ligaments
Term
dense irregular CT
Definition
-irregularly arranged collagen fibers
-able to withstand tension in MANY directions
-fibrous capsule or organs/joints
Term
dense elastic CT
Definition
-high elastic fibers
-stretching
-walls of large arteries
Term
CT types
Definition
-CT proper -cartilage -bone tissue -blood-nervous
Term
cartilage
Definition
-lacks innervation
-avascular
-tough/flexible
-withstand tension
-ground substance is 80% water
Term
chondroblasts
Definition
undifferentiated and secrete matrix in cartilage
Term
chondrocytes
Definition
mature cartilage cells in lacunae (cell cavities)
Term
types of cartilage
Definition
hyaline
elastic
fibro
Term
hyaline cartilage
Definition
-support
-ribs
Term
elastic cartilage
Definition
-flexible
-ear
Term
fibrocartilage
Definition
intervertebral discs
Term
nervous tissue
Definition
-brain, spinal cord, nerves
-neurons/glial cells
Term
muscle tissue
Definition
-many cells
-highly vascular
-myofilaments contract and cause movement
-skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Term
skeletal muscles
Definition
-striated
-multinucleate
Term
cardiac muscle
Definition
-branching, striated
-uninucleate
Term
smooth muscle
Definition
no striations
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