Term
A) Name the 7 tarsal bones.
B) Why are they shaped this way and why do we need 7? |
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Definition
A) Talus, Calcaneus (heel), Navicular (medial), Medial, Intermediate, and Lateral Cuneiform, Cuboid(lateral)
B. Distribute the weight, proprioception, Flexibility, Adapt to different levels of terrain |
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Term
| What are the 3 parts of the Talus? Is it Dr. D's favorite bone in the body? Why? |
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Definition
| Head, neck, and trochlea. Yes. Because it is a small bone, but uniquely designed. Once a force gets transmitted to the area the trochlea transmits the force to the foot. It is a short bone. We can't move forward without it. |
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Term
| Name 3 things the trochlea of the Talus does? |
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Definition
Articulates with tibia and fibula
A pulley like structure
Transfers weight from lower body to the foot |
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Term
| What is the clinical relevance of the Peroneal Trochlea (Fibular Trochlea)? |
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Definition
| It is the attachment site for several lateral leg muscles. The key here is the LATERAL side (fibular side). |
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Term
| What is the clinical relevance of the Calcaneal Tuberosity? |
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Definition
| It is the insertion site for the Achilles Tendon (Calcaneal Tendon). Know both of these terms. |
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Term
| What is the Achilles Tendon (Calcaneal Tendon) a tendon for? Is it the largest tendon in the body? |
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Definition
| Plantaris, Soleus, & Gastrocnemius muscle. Yes. |
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Term
| Where is the Sustentaculum Tali located? |
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Definition
| Between the talus & calcaneus |
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Term
| Is the Sustentaculum Tali lateral or medial? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the clinical relevance of the Sustentaculum Tali? (One of Dr. D's favorite words) |
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Definition
| It is an attachment site and area for muscles that plantarflex the foot/ankle & stabilize the foot |
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Term
| What is Dr. Dominguese's favorite muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the posterior tibialis Dr. D's favorite muscle? |
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Definition
| It is a dynamic muscle that helps stabilize the foot. It is a posterior deep compartment, however the tendons cross medial, and some of them wrap completely around the foot. This is very important. |
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Term
| Is the ankle stable or unstable? |
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Definition
| It is very stable. But depending on what position it is in. If its in a dorsiflex position, it is stable. If it is plantarflexed and inverted, then its not stable. It depends on what direction it is. |
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Term
| What is clinically important about a high ankle sprain? |
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Definition
| The interosseous membrane is damaged. |
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Term
| If you damage the interosseous membrane, what else can be damaged? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can you limit movement between tibia and fibula? |
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Definition
| Casting and not moving it (but not moving it will create some problems as well) |
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Term
| Articular cartilage lines the end of the bone. If a piece breaks off and it floats around into the ankle joint, this is called? |
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Definition
| Lateral or Medial Gutter Syndrome. |
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Term
| The Talus articulates with the? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the clinical relevance of the Achilles tendon? |
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Definition
| Helps absorb and transmit force. Its VERY important. (Probably a quiz question) |
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Term
| Where are the deltoid ligaments located? What is the clinical relevance of them? How do you damage them? |
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Definition
| On the medial side of the foot and ankle. They provide the major stability for the medial ankle and they are very strong. By everting the foot (stretching that area), typically not occurring often. |
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Term
| What is also important about the posterior tibialis? Whats the clinical significance of this area? |
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Definition
| This is where posterior tibialis arteries and nerves are. You can feel the pulse there. |
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Term
| If you pronate your arch (where it rolls in), the posterior tibialis has just a few fibers, what will happen |
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Definition
| Your foot will roll in. Seen in obese patients, and Dr. Dominguese. |
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Term
| What is the sinus located on the lateral side of the foot? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the clinical difference between medial and lateral side? |
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Definition
| Medial contains the neurovascular bundle. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tendon is embedded in it. |
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Term
| What is the clinical relevance of the 2 sesamoid bones? |
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Definition
| The flexor hallicus longus attaches to thim, then it goes deep, then medial, then attaches on the other side. Without these it is difficult to move; it is important for overall stability of the foot. There can be more than 2 of these. |
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Term
| There are 3 major arches. What are they and what is the clinical relevance? |
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Definition
Medial Longitudinal Arch
Lateral Longitudinal Arch
Transverse Arch (borders are at the head of the metatarsals). Provide stability on both sides. |
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Term
| What is of concern with arches that aren't consistent. |
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Definition
| If they are rigid or not. If they are flexible they are not able to transmit force. |
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Term
| What are some of the problems that may occur in the muscoloskeltal system based on misalignment of arches? |
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Definition
| Arteries and tendons can be stretched out (elongate and damage the tissue). You can have hip problems with hip and medial knee. Pretty much everything from the spine down. Ankle issues, plantar fasciaitus, shin splints, IT band problems. It affects femur, tibia, and pelvis, causing extra stress on this area. |
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Term
| The talocrural joint (ankle joint) articulates between? What kind of joint is it? |
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Definition
| The Tibia and the Talus (some include the fibia). Hinge joint. |
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Term
| The Subtalar joint articulates between? What kind of joint is is? |
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Definition
| Talus and calcaneous. Gliding |
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Term
| Is the fibula a weight-bearing bone? Does it have a good blood supply? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three most important ligaments of the ankle? |
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Definition
Anterior Talofibular-lateral aspect; horizontal attachment from talus to fibula
Posterior Talofibular-posterior aspect; attaches talus to fibula
Calcaneofibular-slightly oblique ligament; attaches from apex of lateral malleolus to calcaneus |
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Term
Why are the Anterior Talofibular, Posterior Talofibular, and Calcaneofibular ligmanets of the ankle clinically relevant?
clinically relevant |
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Definition
| They are the three most commonly injured ligaments. On a severe ankle sprain (Grade 3, for example), all three of these are damaged. They do have a good blood supply. They heal in no less than 6 months. |
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Term
| If you have a minor ankle sprain, the ligament damaged is the? |
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Definition
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Term
| On a moderate ankle sprain, which ligament is injured? |
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Definition
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Term
| The anterior talofibular is like what other ligament and why? |
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Definition
| Anterior Cruciate Ligament. It prevents anterior displacement of the ankle. |
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Term
| Is the ankle very stable, in general? |
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Definition
| No, just in certain positions. |
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Term
| Is a woman (or transvestite) stable in high heels? |
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Definition
| No, because you are plantarflexed already and your base of support is changed. |
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Term
| What does the plantar fascia do? |
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Definition
| Provides stability, helps absorb and transmit force. |
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Term
| What is it called when the plantar fascia is stretched too much? |
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Definition
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Term
| Should you wear flip flops if you have plantar fasciitis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The peroneal retinaculum is also called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The anterior compartment of the leg does what? |
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Definition
| Dorsiflexion and toe extension |
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Term
| The lateral compartment (fibular side) of the leg does what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The posterior superficial compartment of the leg does what? |
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Definition
| Plantarflexion and toe flexion |
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Term
| The posterior deep compartment of the leg does what? |
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Definition
| Plantarflexion and toe flexion |
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Term
| What are 2 muscles in the posterior superficial compartment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the medial or lateral head bigger on the gastrocnemius? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 muscles in the anterior compartment. |
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Definition
| Tibialis anterior, Extensor Digitorum longus, Extensor hallicus longus |
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Term
| Name the 2 muscles in the lateral compartment. |
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Definition
| Fibularis longus & fibularis brevis. |
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Term
| Name the 3 muscles in the posterior deep compartment. |
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Definition
| Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus |
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Term
| What is the triceps surae? |
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Definition
| Both heads of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles |
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Term
| What is the little muscle of the anterior/lateral compartment? Can you see it well on cadavers/models? |
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Definition
| Fibularis(peroneus) Tertius. No. |
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Term
| What are the 2 lateral everters? How do you distinguish between the 2? |
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Definition
Fibularis(peroneus) Longus
Fibularis (peroneus) Brevis.
Brevis is deep to longus. Longus wraps around. |
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Term
| What is the oblique muscle located in the back of the knee (deep posterior)? What does it do? |
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Definition
| Popliteous. Knee Flexion & Internal Rotation. |
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Term
| What is the origin and insertion of the plantaris? |
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Definition
Origin - Lateral Epicondyle of femur
Insertion - Achilles Tendon |
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Term
| What is the clinical relevance of the plantaris? |
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Definition
| It is taken to replace another ligament in Tommmy John surgery. |
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Term
| What is the acronym for the posterior compartment? |
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Definition
Tom-Dick-Harry
Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus |
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Term
| What arteries can you test pulses at? |
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Definition
| Posterior Tibialis artery, Anterior Tibialis artery |
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