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biomed lab 2 midterm
st. Johns University
62
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
06/13/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Expiratory Reserve AKA
Definition
Residual Volume
Term
Expiratory Reserve (definition)
Definition

after forced expiration, the amount remaining in the lungs of a healthy adult 

 

1200mL

Term
Expiratory Reserve (value)
Definition
1200 mL
Term
Inspiratory Reserve (value)
Definition
3100 mL
Term
Tidal Volume (definition)
Definition
Average human lung intake, for normal quiet breathing
Term
Tidal Volume (value)
Definition
500mL
Term

vital capacity (definition)

 

4800mL

Definition

after maximal inspiration, the maximum amount expired from the lungs 

 

amount in mL?

Term
Maximum capacity (definition)
Definition
total lung capacity
Term
maximum capacity (value)
Definition
6000mL
Term
Maximum capacity (6000mL) = ____________(1200mL) + ___________(4800mL)
Definition

____________=

Residual volume + maximum intake 

Term
the digestive system can be divided into two major parts, the...
Definition

alimentary canal

and 

accessory organs 

Term

alimentary canal (definition)

& organs it contains 

Definition
a long tube running from the mouth to the anus. sometimes known as the "food tube." some of the organs include: esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum, anus
Term
Accessory Organs
Definition

secrete many important substances necessary for digestion. 

these organs do not come into direct contact with food. 

 

examples: salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Term
cutaneous truncus
Definition
the muscle in which the skin is attached
Term
cystic vein
Definition
drains the gall bladder
Term
why don't rats have a gall bladder?
Definition

They simply do not need it! . The bile flows directly from the liver through the (hepatic) bile duct into the small intestine, and in turn, their bile comes from the liver. their liver's are large. One less organ means one less thing the rat needs to supply energy to!


(thank you yahoo answers!) 

Term
the umbilical cord consists of...
Definition

two arteries and one vein 

makes up the... 

Term

renal sinus

& what it contains  

Definition

a cavity within the kidney which s occupied by :

  • renal pelvis
  • renal calices
  • blood vessels
  • nerves
  • fat
Term

hilus 

(of the kidney)

Definition
the slit-like opening in the midle of the concave medial border of the kidney. nerves and blood vessesels pass through the renal sinus through the ________. the ureter leaves the kidney at this area also.
Term
trigonitis
Definition
urinary bladder infection
Term
what part of the bladder is usually infected?
Definition
trigone area
Term
where are the fetuses contained in the female rat?
Definition
the uterine horn
Term
why does trigonitis (urinary bladder infections) occur more commonly in the female than the male?
Definition
bacteria has a shorter distance to travel in the female to reach the bladder since the urethra is smaller.
Term
conjunctiva
Definition
a thin transparent layer above the cornea
Term

conjunctivitis

of the conjunctiva

Definition

AKA Pink eye

 

inflammation of the ________ which can become red and swollen producing a watery and pus containing discharge. there is usually no damage to vision with this condition 

Term
cataract operation
Definition
when the lens becomes cloudy with age, and is replaced with an artificial lens
Term
aqueous humor is contained in the _________ of the eye
Definition
anterior chamber
Term
vitreous humor is contained within the _________ of the eye
Definition
posterior cavity
Term
astigmatism
Definition

caused by an abnormal corneal curvature that resembles the shape of a football rather than that of a basketball. light rays focus at different places depending on their orientation, and objects appear blurred. 

 

may be companied by myopia or hyperopia. 

Term
Snellin chart
Definition

used to measure visual acuity 

 

the chart displays letters of progressively smaller size 

Term

Normal vision 

 

20/20 

Definition
the test subject sees the same line of letters of the snellin chart at 20 feet that a normal person sees at 20 feet.
Term
Myopia
Definition

near sighted 

 

20/40 

 

the test subject sees at 20 feet what a normal person sees at 40 feet. 

Term
hyperopia
Definition

the test subject can see objects at 20 feet that a person with normal vision can only see at 15 feet. 

 

far sighted 

Term
three types of hearing tests (hypothetically done in class lol)
Definition
Rinne, Weber, and Location tests with tuning forks
Term
lymph system
Definition

drains the interstitial fluid throughout the body and destroys bacteria

 

this system collapses when an animal dies so it is not seen in our gross rats 

Term
organs of the lymph system
Definition

tonsils 

spleen 

thymus 

Term
tonsils
Definition
first line of defense
Term
spleen
Definition
filters blood removing aging erythrocytes and foreign particles
Term
thymus
Definition
immune competence: mature lymphocytes are the T cells
Term
Elephantiasis
Definition

hypertrophy and fibrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue 

 

results from long standing obstruction of the lymphatic vessels. 

 

infection begins with a filarial roundworm transferred to humans by mosquito bites. adult worms lodge in lymphatic vessels and block lymph flow. this progresses to a secondary bacterial infection combined with a fungal infection. 

Term
organs of the alimentary canal
Definition
  • oral cavity
  • tongue
  • large intestine
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine 
Term
what we need to ask at office hours 
Definition
1. do we need to know the 3 types of glands and be able to identify them on the rat? 10-2pm B 39b st als kashyap pandya
Term
Inspiratory capacity
Definition

3600 ml 

 

inspiratory reserve (3100 ml) + tidal volume (500 ml)

Term
total lung capacity
Definition
6000 mL
Term
vital capacity
Definition

maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after max insiration . 

 

 

add everything except Residual volume 

 

4800mL

Term
functional residual capacity
Definition

2400 mL 

 

expiratory reserve volume (1200 ml) + Residual volume (1200 ml)

Term
cutaneous trunci
Definition
the first muscle encountered. attached to the skin on the dorsal side of the rat. used to shiver the skin to rid the animal of any pest riding or biting it.
Term
pericardium
Definition
membrane that covers the heart
Term
what does the longitudinal sulcus contain ?
Definition

a branch of coronary artery is contained in it

 

it separates the left and right ventricles

Term
how many papillary muscles can you identify?
Definition

three in the right ventricle, two in the left, five total. 

 

thanks wikipedia. 

Term
are there chordae tendinae and papillary muscle in the left ventricle?
Definition
YUP.
Term
which ventricle has thicker walls, why?
Definition
the left ventricle has thicker walls because it has to pump blood throughout the entire body
Term
chordae tendinae:
Definition

tendons linking the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve in the right ventricle and the mitral valve in the left ventricle. As the papillary muscles contract and relax, they transmit the resulting increase and decrease in tension to the respective valves, causing them to open and close. They are string-like in appearance and are sometimes referred to as "heart strings."


gotta love google. 

Term
how many pouches make up the pulmonary semilunar valve?
Definition
three
Term
macula degeneration
Definition
when the area of the macula lutea degenerates in elderly people causing them to loose sight in the center of the optical field, seeing only the periphery
Term
Nystagmus 
Definition
involuntary rolling of eyes in any direction or the trailing of eyes slowly in one direction followed by rapid movement in the opposite direction
Term
vertigo
Definition
sensation of disiness and rotational movement
Term
two primary lymphoid organs
Definition

Thymus (T cells differentiate)

Bone marrow (where B cells differentiate)

Term
k i love you good luck <3
Definition
mwah!
Term
foramen ovale
Definition
hole before baby is born between the two atrium
Term
ductus arteriosis
Definition
connects aorta and pulmonary artery in the fetus
Term
ductus arteriosis becomes the ___________
Definition
ligamentum arteriosis
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