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biomechanics lecture 2
biomechanics lecture 2
50
Anatomy
Graduate
10/07/2014

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Term
what are the 2 parts of mechanics?
Definition
kinematics, kinetics
Term
what is kinematics?
Definition
mechanics not related to mass
Term
what is kinetics
Definition
mechanics RELATED to mass
Term
what are the 2 parts of kinetics?
Definition
statics, dynamics
Term
what is the difference between statics and dynamics regarding acceleration?
Definition
statics does NOT involve acceleration because velocity is constant; dynamics DOES include acceleration
Term
what is the difference between statics and dynamics regarding equilibrium systems?
Definition
statics deals with equilibrium systems, dynamics deals with non-equilibrium systems
Term
Define linear kinematics
Definition
mechanical descriptions of a linear motion independent of mass
Term
what are some examples of linear kinematics?
Definition
location, displacement, velocity, speed, acceleration
Term
what is linear motion?
Definition
translation: a movement of an object in which all the points of the object move through the same distance in the same direction during a given time period
Term
Give an example of linear motion
Definition
pushing a wheelchair straight forward. Moving the eraser straight along the edge of the board
Term
is curvilinear motion still linear motion?
Definition
yes
Term
define scalar
Definition
a quantity that is represented by magnitude only
Term
define vector
Definition
a quantity that is represented by both magnitude and direction
Term
is speed scalar or vector?
Definition
scalar
Term
is weight scalar or vector?
Definition
vector
Term
is distance scalar or vector
Definition
scalar
Term
is mass scalar or vector
Definition
scalar
Term
define weight
Definition
mass x force of gravity
Term
what is the Cartresian reference frame?
Definition
a graph with x, y (z) axes
Term
what is another term for the Cartesian reference frame?
Definition
orthogonal reference frame
Term
in the cartesian reference fram, what do x, y, z indicate?
Definition
magnitude
Term
in the Cartesian reference frame, what do I, j, and k indicate?
Definition
direction
Term
how do you write in an equation the position of point (x, y, z)?
Definition
P = xi + yj + zk
Term
what is the magnitude of the vector of point (x, y, z)?
Definition
sqrt(x^2 + y^2 + z^2)
Term
can you just add and subtract vectors?
Definition
yes: you can add 2 velocities together, you can add 2 forces together, and so on
Term
If you are given the velocity of the hand, elbow, and shoulder in a ball pitch, how to determine the velocity of the balll?
Definition
add the velocity of the hand, elbow shoulder = velocity of the ball
Term
using vectors, how do we describe position of a point
Definition
coordinates
Term
using scalar, how do we describe the position of a point?
Definition
distance
Term
define travel distance
Definition
a scalar that describes the difference between positions (change in position) along the path traveled
Term
define displacemetn
Definition
a vector that describes the difference between positions or change in position including direction
Term
which is more like going along a road: travel distance or displacement?
Definition
travel distance
Term
If position 1 = P1 = x1i +y1j and position 2 = P2 = x2i + y2j, then what is the displacement from P1 to P2?
Definition
P2 - P1 = x2i + y2j - x1i - y1j
Term
what is the displacement of a 400m run on a track?
Definition
0
Term
what is the travel distance of a 400m run on a track?
Definition
0
Term
define speed
Definition
the scalar quantity that describes the rate of travel with respect to time
Term
define velocity
Definition
the vector quantity that describes the rate of displacement with respect to time
Term
is speed or velocity equal to travel distance/duration?
Definition
speed = travel distance/duration
Term
what is the magnitude of velocity?
Definition
the square root of the sum of squares of velocities in all different directions
Term
is speed or velocity equal to displacement/duration?
Definition
V = displacement/duiration
Term
define instantatneous speed
Definition
speed at a specific time point = average speed over a very short time period
Term
define instantaneous velocity
Definition
velocity at a specific time point = average velocity over a very short time period
Term
when will average and instantaneous velocity have the same magnitude?
Definition
when velocity is constant
Term
what two types of speed and velocity have the same magnitude?
Definition
instantaneous
Term
define acceleration
Definition
the scalar or vector that describes the rate of the change in speed or velocity
Term
what is the formula for average acceleration
Definition
change in speed or velocity divided by duration
Term
define instantaneous acceleration
Definition
acceleration at a specific time point = average acceleration during a short duration
Term
what is the area under the curve in a velocity vs time graph
Definition
distance traveled
Term
what is the slope of the line in a velocity vs time graph
Definition
acceleration at a specific time point = average acceleration during a short duration
Term
how do you calculate the non-constant speed or velocity over time?
Definition
sum up many small rhomboids
Term
do instantaneous speed and velocity have the same magnitude?
Definition
yes
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