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BIOL 3320
Final Lab Exam Reproductive System
51
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
04/17/2013

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Term
Testes
Definition
main reproductive organ, make sperm, secrete testosterone and inhibin, oval shaped
Term
Scrotal Sac (scrotum)
Definition
protective container, divided into two sacs by a Frenulum, one testis per sac
Term
Cremaster Muscle
Definition
in scrotum, contracts to pull the temperature sensitive testes toward the body. Responds to temperature
Term
Dartos Muscle
Definition
Muscular folds in the scrotum, aid in maintaining temperature
Term
Spermatic Cord
Definition
one per testis, collectively it's all of the arteries, veins, nerves, lymphatic vessels, cremaster and dartos muscle, and vas deferens wrapped together in one bundle
Term
Seminiferous Tubules
Definition
site where sperm is produced (spermatogenesis), connects to the duct system in the testes
Term
Sperm
Definition
male reproductive gamete, 50-150 million per mL of semen
Term
Male Infertility
Definition
less than 20 million/mL sperm
Term
Semen
Definition
sperm and seminal fluid (2.5-5 mL per ejaculate)
Term
Rete Testis
Definition
a network of ducts that contain mature sperm cells
Term
Epididymis
Definition
a single duct in each testis through which sperm passes
Term
Vas Deferens
Definition
starts at the end of the epididymis, comes out of the testes, 18 inches long, carries sperm to and connects with the urethra
Term
Ejaculatory Duct
Definition
site of the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and vas deferens, it passes through the prostate, site of large peristaltic waves to propel sperm into the urethra
Term
Accessory Sex Glands
Definition
make seminal fluid nutrients for sperm:
seminal vesicle, prostate gland, bulbourethral (Cowpers) gland
Term
Seminal Vesicle
Definition
secretes thick fluid into the ejaculatory duct, adds 60% of semen volume
Term
Prostate Gland
Definition
donut shaped gland under the urinary bladder, secretes more fluid into urethra (25%)
Term
Bulbourethral (Cowper's) Gland
Definition
located under the prostate, adds 15% of ejaculate, alters the pH of the urethra to be suitable for sperm
Term
Urethra
Definition
common passageway for semen and urine
Term
Penis
Definition
male copulatory organ, composed of erectile tissue called the Corpus Cavernosa that is highly vascular
Term
Corpus Cavernosa
Definition
arteriole blood fills in causing it to press against veins, resulting in more blood entering than leaving and engorgement
Term
Corpus Spongiosum
Definition
lines the penile urethra, keeps urethra open during ejaculation
Term
Glans Penis
Definition
the enlarged tip (meatus) of the penis
Term
Prepuce (Foreskin)
Definition
loose fitting skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised men
Term
Ovaries
Definition
main female reproductive organ, produce mature oocyte (egg), secrete estrogen progesterone, and inhibin, almond shaped
Term
Uterine/Fallopian Tubes
Definition
surround the ovary and snatch up oocyte when it's released
Term
Fimbriae
Definition
finger-like projections that help sweep the oocyte into the fallopian tube
Term
Infundibulum
Definition
opening of the fallopian tube about which the fimbriae are arranged
Term
Uterus (metrium)
Definition
site of menstruation, implantation of fertilized ovum, development of fetus, and labor
Term
Cervix
Definition
opening to the uterus
Term
Perimetrium
Definition
outer layer
Term
Myometrium
Definition
middle layer, muscular layer
Term
Endometrium
Definition
inner layer, highly vascular, site of embryo attachment (functional layer), shed during menstruation
Term
Vagina
Definition
passageway for childbirth, menstruation, and semen during intercourse, female copulatory organ
Term
Vulva (Pudendum)
Definition
general term for the external female genitalia
Term
Mons Pubis
Definition
an elevation of fat tissue that cushions the pubic symphysis during childbirth, site of anterior pubic hair attachment
Term
Labia Majora
Definition
two large folds of skin, homologous to the scrotum, help close the vagina
Term
Labia Minora
Definition
medial to the labia majora, close the vestibule
Term
Vestibule
Definition
the region between the labia minora, contains the hymen (if present) and vaginal orifice
Term
Clitoris
Definition
small mass of erectile tissue and nerves, homologous to the glans penis in males
Term
Urethral Orifice
Definition
opening to the urethra, only urine exits in females
Term
Breasts
Definition
secondary female sexual characteristic, provide milk for newborns
Term
Nipple
Definition
site where milk emerges from the breast
Term
Areola
Definition
dark circle surrounding the nipple
Term
Mammary Glands
Definition
modified sweat glands that produce milk
Term
Suspensory Ligament (Cooper's Ligament)
Definition
support the weight of the breast, become loose with age and excessive strain
Term
Ovulation
Definition
occurs around day 14 of the menstrual cycle (day 1 is the first day of the period), mature follicle (Graafian follicle) ruptures, secondary oocyte is released. the oocyte travels down fallopian tubes where it becomes an ovum. if fertilized, usually in the fallopian tube, embryo implants in the endometrium of the uterus. if fertilization or implantation does not occur, progesterone levels drop and menstruation begins. if fertilization does occur, then progesterone maintains the endometrium layer and uterus during pregnancy
Term
Graafian Follicle
Definition
a mature follicle containing a secondary oocyte
Term
Corpus Luteum
Definition
remnants of the mature follicle after ovulation, degenerates if fertilization doesn't occur, produces progesterone if pregnancy occurs
Term
Corpus Albicans
Definition
white body formed by corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur
Term
Menstruation
Definition
process of shedding the functional endometrial layer if pregnancy does not occur
Term
Amenorrhea
Definition
absence of menstruation, caused by pregnancy, hormone imbalance (birth control pills), or low body fat levels
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