Term
| In a homeostatic reflex control mechanism, a gland would be considered a(n): |
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| Because they require lots of oxygen to metabolically maintain a relatively high, relatively constant body temperature, birds and _____ have a four chambered heart. |
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| Because some early anatomist smoking jerky thought they looked like ears, the structures covering the upper chambers of the heart are called: |
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| The left side of the heart is called the _____ pump because it pumps blood to all areas of the body except the lungs. |
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Definition
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| The ____ atrioventricular valve contains three cusps. |
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Definition
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| The portion of the blood circulatory system where the arteries are diagrammed in ____ and the veins are diagrammed in ____ is the pulmonary circulation. |
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Definition
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| ____ muscle cells are referred to as smooth muscle becuase they do not contain microscopically visible stripes. |
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Definition
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| Cardiac muscle cells differ from the other types of muscle cells because they depolarize without receiving: |
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Definition
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| Because it depolarizes and repolarizes the most rapidly, the ____ is called the physiological pacemaker. |
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Definition
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| The structure that carries depolarization from the ____ to the interventricular septum is the bundle of HIS |
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Definition
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| All four heart valves are closed during ____ contraction |
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Definition
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Term
| A torn valve flap would be most likely to cause a(n): |
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Definition
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| If your heart contains a patent foramen ovale, blood can flow directly from your ____ to your ____. |
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Definition
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| The most general term for blockage of a coronary artery is coronary: |
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Definition
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| Water is the ____ component of whole blood |
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Definition
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| Of the three most abundant plasma proteins, the one of those three that is the least abundant is: |
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Definition
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| Using Poiseulille's equation solved for pressure, we know if ____ increases blood pressure will decrease. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not a function of supply vessels? |
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Definition
| they allow materials to enter and leave the blood |
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Term
| ____ are different from all of the other blood vessels in your body in that they contain valves to prevent blood from flowing backward |
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Definition
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Term
| The least leaky of the various kinds of capillaries are the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following would have the least proportion of elastic connective tissue in its walls? |
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Definition
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Term
| Because it results from mutation of a gene of the ____ chromosome, hemophelia is called sex linked. |
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Definition
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| Fibrin is the only molecule in the clotting process that is ____ in the water of blood plasma |
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Definition
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| Only the ____ of blood vessel punctures can be "fixed" by the hemostatic mechanism called vascular spasm. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following must be the case for Rh incompatability to be a problem? |
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Definition
| the fetus must be Rh positive |
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| Your dad has told you that his blood type is AB and your mom's is type A. Which ABO blood type would be impossible for you or your biological siblings to have? |
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Definition
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| Of the ABO blood types, people with ____ can be that (those) type(s) with one of two different genotypes. |
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Definition
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| The ABO blood type that is sometimes referred to as the universal donor is: |
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Definition
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Term
| The least abundant leukocyte is the: |
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Definition
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| The large bone marrow cell, the megakaryocyte, is responsible for producing circulating: |
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Definition
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Term
| Erythrocytes are the most abundant of all the blood's: |
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Definition
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| Which of the following is not in the "other solutes" category of substances dissolved in the water of blood plasma? |
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Definition
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Term
| Because the pressure inside vascular capillaries pushing out is greater than that on the outside pushing in, ____ is (are) formed. |
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Definition
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Term
| The thoracic duct is the largest ____ in your body? |
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Definition
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Term
| The thymus gland is a structure located in the upper part of the ____ cavity that is involved in the development of the immune response. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not a way that lymphatic fluid is moved through lymph vessels? |
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Definition
| the spleen pulses rhythmically to push lymph along |
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Term
| Viruses are prevented from infecting cells at the surface of your skin becuase over most of your body those cells are: |
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Definition
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Term
| The receipt of Sabin polio vaccine on a sugar cube provides you with an example of |
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Definition
| artificial active immunity |
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Term
| The types of lymphocytes that have to be "processed" after they leave bone marrow before they can respond to antigens are the: |
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Definition
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Term
| As opposed to T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes are said to be involved with the ____ mediated immunity |
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Definition
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Term
| The only cell type that can manufacture and secrete ____ is the plasma cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Helper t-cells are infected by HIV to cause the clinical condition known as: |
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Definition
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
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Term
| As opposed to the secondary immune response, the primary immune immune response, the relative amounts of IgM and IgG produced are: |
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Definition
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Term
| The portion of the pharynx opposite the opening into the lower respiratory tract is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The cartilage that covers the opening between the pharynx and the larynx when you swallow is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The thyroid cartilage is called that because it is shaped like a(n): |
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Definition
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Term
| The alveoli are the only structures in the lung with walls ____ enough to allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to cross. |
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Definition
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Term
| Of all the respiratory volumes that can be added together to equal total lung capacity, the smallest is: |
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Definition
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Term
| To forcibly exhale by decreasing the diameter of your chest cavity, you contract your: |
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Definition
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Term
| The condition that occurs when the walls of the aveoli "blow out" is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the oxygen carried in our blood is transported bound to the ____ atom in the heme of hemoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the carbon dioxide carried in your blood is transported: |
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Definition
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Term
| Because it binds irreversibly to hemoglobin preventing oxygen attachment, ____ inhalation can result in death. |
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Definition
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Term
| Normally, a person has two ____ and one ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| A renal calyx is a small branch of the renal: |
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Definition
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Term
| The portion of a nephron that is a fenestrated capillary is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The combination of a glomerulus surrounded by Bowman's Capsule is called a renal: |
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Definition
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Term
| All of the nephron collecting ducts in your kidneys are located in the renal: |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the three processes that occurs in the kidney that produce fluid much like blood plasma and convert it into urine, the one that is least specific is: |
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Definition
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Term
| The nitrogenous waste that is eliminated in human urine in the greatest amount is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Because an early microscopist thought they looked like feet, the Bowman's Capsule cells that cover the glomerulus most tightly are called: |
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Definition
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Term
| It is relatively easy to move materials in and out of the nephron because every segment of it is ____ cell layer(s) thick. |
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Definition
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Term
| Under normal circumstances, which of the following is completely removed from the nephron by tubular reabsorption and is not present in urine. |
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Definition
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Term
| The nephron is a very clever structure because it keeps the concentration of ____ inside it greater than the concentration outside, so that substance will be passively absorbed. |
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Definition
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Term
| If your pituitary gland secretes a relatively large amount of antidiuretic hormone, which of the following will happen? |
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Definition
| less urine will be formed |
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Term
| Aldosterone is a(n) ____ hormone that causes the nephron to reabsorb more sodium ion. |
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Definition
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Term
| When the ____ sphincter contracts, it closes the opening between the small intestine and the large intestine. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following teeth is not present in the deciduous (baby) set of teeth? |
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Definition
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Term
| The phase of deglutition that is completely involuntary is the ____ phase. |
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Definition
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Term
| the funnel shaped lower portion of the stomach is called the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The shortest segment of the small intestine is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The only enzyme in saliva begins the chemical digestion of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Because the material in the stomach is ____, bicarbonate in pancreatic juice is necessary to protect the small intestine. |
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Definition
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Term
| Carboxypeptidases and aminopeptidases digest peptides into: |
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Definition
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Term
| Liver bile is dumped from the gall bladder into the small intestine to facilitate the digestion of: |
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Definition
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Term
| The term anabolism refers to all the ____ reactions that occur in your body |
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Definition
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Term
| All of the enzymes required for ____ are located in the cytoplasm of your cells |
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Definition
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Term
| When glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water, the water comes from: |
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Definition
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Term
| When glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water by glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport, on the order of 40% of the energy released is transferred to ATP. The remaining 60% of the energy: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not a traditional endocrine gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior portion of the pituitary gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| The hormone that increases the amount of calcium ion in your blood is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not a steroid hormone |
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Definition
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Term
| A molecule that is frequently produced inside a target cell and serves as a second messenger for a hydrophilic hormone is: |
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Definition
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Term
| The receptor molecules for steroid hormones are located ____ their target cells |
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Definition
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Term
| The mechanisms by which hydrophilic hormones change what is happening inside their target cells can be described as: |
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Definition
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Term
| A hydrophobic hormone receptor complex goes to the target cell nucleus to act as a ____ factor and "turn on" a gene |
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Definition
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Term
| In the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid feedback axis, thyroid hormone feeds back to inhibit secretion of the ____ by the pituitary gland |
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Definition
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Term
| The chemical element that is unique to thyroid hormone is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Type I, insulin-dependent (once called juvenile) diabetes mellitus happens when your own immune system destroys the ____ cells in your pancreas |
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Definition
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Term
| For the undifferentiated genital ridge to develop into a testis requires the presence of a(n) ____ chromosome |
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Definition
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Term
| The structures inside the testis within which sperm cells are produced are the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The interstitial cells of the testes produce testosterone when they are stimulated by the pituitary hormone called: |
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Definition
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Term
| The ejaculatory duct is the portion of the ____ where it connects to the urethra |
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Definition
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Term
| The event that typically (but not always) occurs on day 14 of the menstrual cycle is: |
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Definition
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Term
| From the standpoint of the ovary, the first two weeks of the menstrual cycle are called the ____ phase |
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Definition
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Term
| If pregnancy occurs ____ "rescues" the corpus luteum and keeps it producing estrogen and progesterone through the first third of pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
| If fertilization is going to happen, it will occur in the: |
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Definition
| upper third of the oviduct |
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Term
| The ____ week of pregnancy is called the period of the three-layered embryo |
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Definition
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Term
| The pituitary hormone that is required for synthesis of milk in the mammary gland is: |
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Definition
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