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BIOL 3320
Lab Exam 2 Blood Vessels & Respiratory System
112
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
03/16/2013

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Cards

Term
aortic arch (UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
large curve, comes out of the top of the heart, curves to the left
Term
pulmonary trunk (UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
located immediately inferior to the origin of the arch of the aorta
Term
thoracic aorta (UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
aoritc continuation along dorsal wall of the thoracic cavity
Term
intercostals (UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
small arteries that branch off of aorta, run in between the ribs
Term
brachiocephalic (UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
first vessel to branch off of the arch of the aorta
Term
right & left common carotid (UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
first and second branches of the brachiocephalic
Term
right & left external carotid (UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
continuation of the common carotids after the internal carotids branch
Term
right subclavians (UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
third branching of the brachicephalic, only in the ribcage
Term
left subclavian(UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
second vessel to branch off of the arch of the aorta
Term
right & left internal mammary (UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
first vessels to branch off the subclavians, will be cut
Term
right & left vertebral (UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
first vessel off of the subclavians, past internal mammary to go deep into tissue
Term
right & left costocervical (UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
second vessel off of subclavians, past internal mammary. Looks like a "Y"
Term
right & left thyrocervical (UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
third vessel off of the subclavians, past internal mammary goes deep into tissue
Term
right & left axillary (UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
subclavian that leaves ribcage, outside of armpit, continues into bicep region
Term
right & left brachial (UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
subclavian that leaves ribcage, outside of armpit, continues into bicep region
Term
right & left ulnar (UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
branch of the brachial, goes to the elbow
Term
right & left radial (UPPER)(ARTERY)
Definition
branch of the brachial, goes toward to the forearm
Term
Abdominal Aorta (LOWER)(ARTERY)
Definition
continuation of the thoracic aorta below the diaphragm, in the abdomen
Term
celiac trunk (LOWER)(ARTERY)
Definition
first vessel to branch viscerally from the abdominal aorta
Term
splenic (LOWER)(ARTERY)
Definition
top vessel off of the celiac trunk
Term
gastric (LOWER)(ARTERY)
Definition
middle vessel(s) off of the celiac trunk
Term
hapatic (LOWER)(ARTERY)
Definition
first vessel off of the celiac trunk
Term
right & left adrenolumbar (LOWER) (ARTERY)
Definition
first lateral branches of the abdomianl aorta, just above the kidneys
Term
right & left renal (LOWER)(ARTERY)
Definition
second lateral branch of the abdomianl aorta, go to the kidneys
Term
lumbar (LOWER)(ARTERY)
Definition
one per lumbar vertebrae, branch from under the abdominal aorta
Term
right & left internal spermatic/ovarian (LOWER)(ARTERY)
Definition
third lateral branches of the abdominal aorta
Term
right & left iliolumbar (LOWER) (ARETERY)
Definition
last major branches of the abdominal aorta before the split of the external iliacs
Term
right & left external iliac (LOWER)(ARTERY)
Definition
first split of the abdominal aorta, run along outside of pelvis
Term
right & left internal iliac (LOWER)(ARTERY)
Definition
medial split of of the abdominal aorta, run into the pelvis
Term
medial sacral (LOWER)(ARTERY)
Definition
small middle continuation of the abdominal aorta, runs toward the tail
Term
right & left femoral (LOWER)(ARTERY)
Definition
continuation of the external iliac into the thigh
Term
right & left deep femoral (LOWER)(ARTERY)
Definition
branch off of the external iliac, runs medially just after the pelvis
Term
right & left saphenous (LOWER)(ARTERY)
Definition
branch of the femoral, runs down the leg toward the foot
Term
right & left popliteal (LOWER)(ARTERY)
Definition
branch of the femoral, runs toward the knee
Term
superior vena cava (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
large vessel, comes out of the top of the heart
Term
inferior vena cava (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
large vessel, comes out of the bottom of the heart
Term
azygous (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
large vessel, first branch from the superior vena cava, runs along the dorsal wall
Term
intercostals (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
small vessels, one per rib, branch off the azygous
Term
internal mammary (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
only one, branches off of the superior vena cava, will be cut
Term
right & left brachiocephalic (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
spit of the superior vena cava
Term
right & left vertebral (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
first vessels to branch off the brachicephalics, go immediately deep into tissue
Term
right & left internal jugular (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
thin, first of three vessels that split the brachicephalic, internal most
Term
right & left external jugular (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
thick, second of three vessels that split the brachiocephalic, middle one
Term
transverse jugular (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
bridges the two external jugulars in the neck, superior to the larynx
Term
right & left anterior facial (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
branch of the external jugular, goes to the chin
Term
right & left posterior facial (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
branch of the external jugular, goes to the ear
Term
right & left subclavian (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
third of three branches that split the brachiocephalic, short, only in ribcage
Term
right & left axillary (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
subclavian that leaves the ribcage, only in the armpit
Term
right & left brachial (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
subclavian that leaves the armpit and goes into the bicep region of the arm
Term
right & left ulnar (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
branch of the brachial that goes to the elbow
Term
right & left radial (UPPER)(VEIN)
Definition
branch of the brachial that goes to the forearm
Term
inferior vena cava (LOWER)(VEIN)
Definition
large vessel, continues through the diaphragm into the abdomen
Term
hepatic (LOWER)(VEIN)
Definition
runs from the liver back to the inferior vena cava
Term
right & left adrenolumbar (LOWER)(VEIN)
Definition
first lateral branches of the inferior vena cava, just above the kidney
Term
right & left renal (LOWER)(VEIN)
Definition
second lateral branches of the inferior vena cava, go to the kidneys
Term
right & left internal spermatic/ovarian (LOWER)(VEIN)
Definition
branch off of the renal veins, go to the ovary/testes
Term
lumbar (LOWER)(VEIN)
Definition
one per lumbar vertebrae, branch from from under inferior vena cava
Term
right & left iliolumbar (LOWER)(VEIN)
Definition
last major branches of the inferior vena cava before the split of the common iliacs
Term
right & left common iliac (LOWER)(VEIN)
Definition
first split of the inferior vena cava, run along outside of pelvis
Term
right & left internal iliac (LOWER)(VEIN)
Definition
branch of the common iliac, goes deep along pelvic wall into pelvis
Term
right & left external iliac (LOWER)(VEIN)
Definition
continuation of the common iliac, run from the internal iliac branch to femoral/deep femoral split
Term
medial sacral (caudal) (LOWER)(VEIN)
Definition
small middle continuation of the inferior vena cava, runs toward the tail
Term
right & left femoral (LOWER)(VEIN)
Definition
continuation of the external iliac into the thigh
Term
right & left deep femoral (LOWER)(VEIN)
Definition
branch off of the external iliac, runs medially just after the pelvis
Term
right & left greater saphenous (LOWER)(VEIN)
Definition
branch of the femoral, runs down the leg toward the foot
Term
right & left popliteal (LOWER)(VEIN)
Definition
branch of the femoral, runs toward the knee
Term
external nose
Definition
composed of bone covered with cartilaginous framework
Term
external nares (nostrils)
Definition
two openings on the underside of the external nose
Term
functions of the nose
Definition
warm, moisten, filter incoming air; detect olfactory stimuli; modifying speech vibrations
Term
internal nose
Definition
large cavity inferior to nasal bone & superior to the mouth, connects anteriorly to the external nose & posteriorly to the pharynx at the internal nares. sinuses drain here
Term
nasal cavity
Definition
the space within the internal nose
Term
vestibule
Definition
region just inside the nostrils
Term
nasal septum
Definition
vertical partition that divides tha nasal cavity into the right and left sides
Term
oral cavity
Definition
large cavity makes up the mouth
Term
palate
Definition
horizontal structure separating the oral an nasal cavities
Term
hard palate
Definition
made of maxillae and palantine bones, make up roof of mouth and bottom wall of internal nose
Term
soft palate
Definition
muscular attachment to the posteriror portion of the hard palate, helps close the nasal cavity during swallowing
Term
uvula
Definition
terminal posterior bulb of soft tissue on the soft palate
Term
pharynx
Definition
tube-like passageway, extends from the internal nares to the split of the esophagus (posterior) and larynx (anterior)
Term
nasopharynx
Definition
superior portion, lies posterior to the nasal cavity, contains the Eustarian (Auditory) Tubes, which equalize inner ear with atmospheric pressure
Term
oropharynx
Definition
medial portion, lies posterior to the oral cavity, extnds from the soft palate to the hyoid bone/epiglottis
Term
larygopharynx
Definition
inferior portion, extends from the hyoid bone/epiglottis and opens into the esophagus (posterior) and larynx (anterior)
Term
larynx
Definition
voice box, connects pharynx to the trachea
Term
thyroid cartilage (Adam's Apple)
Definition
large shield-like plate of hyaline cartilage, forms anterior wall of larynx
Term
glottis
Definition
region inside the thyroid cartilage, consists of true vocal cords and the Rima Glottidis (the space between the false and true vocal cords)
Term
true vocal cords
Definition
site where sound is produced through vibration
Term
cricoid cartilage
Definition
ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall if the larynx, attaches to the first ring on the tracheal cartilage (opposite of thyroid cartilage)
Term
epiglottis
Definition
large leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage that covers the glottis during swallowing (prevents food from getting into the airway, trachea)
Term
trachea
Definition
tube-like passageway anterior to the esophagus, passageway for air (goes up twards epiglottis when swallowing)
Term
tracheal cartilage
Definition
"C" shaped rings of cartilage that give support to the trachea (provide protection for front & sides)
Term
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue
Definition
the lumen of the trachea is lined with this, fingerlike cells that catch and move debris up and out of the trachea, & interspersed goblet cells secrete mucous
Term
right & left primary bronchi
Definition
at the fifth thoracic vertebra the trachea divides, one branch going to each lung
Term
secondary bronchi
Definition
branching of primary bronchi, one branch to each lung lobe (3 in the right lung, 2 in the left lung)
Term
tertiary bronchi
Definition
smaller branches of the secondary bronchi, inundate lung tissue
Term
teminal bronchioles
Definition
smallest branches of the bronchioles, ~25 branches
Term
alveolar ducts
Definition
branches of terminal bronchioles about which alveolar sacs and alveoli are arranged
Term
alveolus (alveoli plural)
Definition
cup-shaped out-pouching, site where respiration occurs between the body and atmosphere,exchange O2 for CO2
Term
alveolar sac
Definition
two or more alveoli that share a common alveolar duct
Term
lungs
Definition
lobed structures, the right has 3 lobes, the left has 2
Term
fissure
Definition
deep grooves that separate the lobes of the lungs, oblique are found on both right and left lungs, horizontal only on the right lung
Term
cardiac notch
Definition
an indentation in the left lung to accommodate for the beating of the heart
Term
parietal pleura
Definition
superficial serous membrane that lines the wall of the thoracic cavity
Term
visceral pleura
Definition
serous membrane that lines the lungs
Term
pleural cavity
Definition
space between the parietal and visceral pleura
Term
spirometer/respirometer
Definition
instrument used to measure the volume of air moved during breathing
Term
tidal volume (Vt)
Definition
volume of one normal breath --> ~500ml
Term
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Definition
breathe in normally (500ml) and inhale more than normal tidal volume --> ~3100ml (maximum amount of air taken in with one breath)
Term
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Definition
breathe in normally (500ml) and exhale for as long as possible. you will exhale ~1200ml in addition to 500ml from tidal volume
Term
residual volume (RV)
Definition
air left in lungs after exhalation, cannot be measured with a spirometer --> ~1200ml
Term
inspiratory capacity (IC)
Definition
Vt + IRV = IC (tidal volume + inspiratory repiratory volume = inspiratory capacity
Term
vital capacity (VC)
Definition
IRV + Vt + ERV = VC (inspiratory reserve + tidal volume + expiratory reserve = vital capacity
Term
total lung capacity (TLC)
Definition
VC + RV = TLC (vital capacity + residual volume = total lung capacity)
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