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Biochemistry
Biochemistry
52
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/21/2012

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Term
Biochemistry
Definition

Branch of science dealing with the chemistry of living things.

Term
Matter
Definition

anything that takes up space and has wieght.

Term

Elements

Definition

composed of chemically identical atoms. (92 natural and 116 known)

Term
4 Most abundant elements in living things
Definition

O- 65% - Oxygen

C- 18.5% - Cardon

H- 9.5% - Hydrogen

N- 3.2% - Nitrogen

Term
Atoms
Definition

The smallest complete units of elements

Term
Atomic Number
Definition
Number of protons in the nucleus; equals the number of electrons.
Term
Mass Number
Definition
total number of protons and neutrons
Term
Atomic Weight
Definition
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in each of an elements atoms
Term
Isotopes
Definition
Atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons.
Term
Radioactive Isotopes
Definition
unstable isotopes thea can be used to treat diseases.
Term
Iodine 131
Definition
used to detect thyroid cancer
Term
Thallum 201
Definition
detect disorder in the blood vessels and heart damage
Term
Cobalt 60
Definition
treats some cancers
Term
Molecule
Definition
two or more atoms that are alike
Term
Compound
Definition
particle formed when two or more atoms of different element chemically combine
Term
Molecular formula
Definition
depict the elements present and the number of each atom present in the molecule
Term
Structural formula
Definition
Show how atoms bond and are arranged in various molecules
Term
Bonding of Atoms
Definition
Bonds form when atoms combine with other atoms resulting from interactions of electrons
Term
Ionic bond
Definition
an attraction between a cation and an anion formeed when electron are transferred from one atom to another atom
Term
Ion
Definition

an atom that gains or loses electrons to become stable

an electrically charged atom

Term
Cation
Definition

a positively charged ion

formed when an atom loses electrons

Term
Anion
Definition

a negitively charged ion

formed when an atom gains electrons

Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
formed when atoms share electrons.
Term
Polar Molecules
Definition

electrons are not shared equally in covalent bonds so it results in a slightly negitive and a slight positive end.

Ex. Water

Ex. Nitrogen

Term
Hydrogen bonds
Definition

a weak attraction between the positive end of one polar  molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.

Formed between water molecule and important for protien and nucleic acid structure.

Term
Chemical Reactions
Definition
occur when chemical bonds form or break among atoms, ion, or molecules
Term
Reactants
Definition
are the starting materials of the reaction
Term
Products
Definition

are formed at the end of the chemical reaction.

Ex. NaCi->Na+ + Ci-

The yeild sign always points to the porduct

Term
Synthesis Reaction
Definition

more complex chemical structure is formed.

Ex. A+B >AB

Term
Decomposition Reaction
Definition

chemical bonds are broken to form a simple chemical structure.

Ex. AB > A+B

Term
Exchange Reaction
Definition

chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed.

Ex. AB + CD > AD + CB

Term
Reversible Reaction
Definition

the products can change back to reactants.

Ex. A + B <> AB

Term
Electrolytes
Definition

Substances that release ions in water

NaCi > Na+ + Ci-

Term
Acids
Definition

Electrolytes that dissociate to release hydrogen ions in water.

Ex. HCi > H+ + Ci-

 

 

 

H in front it's an acid

Term
Bases
Definition

Substances that releases ions that can combine with hydrogen ions.

Ex. NaOH > Na+ + OH-

 

 

 

 

OH at the end it's a Base

Term
Salts
Definition
electrolytes formed by the reaction between an acid and a base
Term
pH Scale
Definition
indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution(0-14).
Term
Neutral
Definition
pH7; indicates a equal concentration of H+ and OH
Term
Acidic
Definition
pH less than 7; indicates a greater concentration of H+
Term
Basic or Alkaline
Definition
pH greater than 7; indicates a greater concentration of OH-
Term
Normal Blood pH
Definition
7.35 to 7.45
Term
Alkalosis-blood pH
Definition

7.5 to 7.8

caused by rapid breathing, too many antacids, high fever, or vomiting

Term
Acidosis-blood pH
Definition

7 to 7.3

caused by severe vomiting, diabetes, brain damage, impaired breathing, and lung and kidney disease.

Term
Neutralization
Definition
occurs when an acid and base react to form salt and water in displacement reaction.
Term
Buffers
Definition
acts as acid when pH is high and as a base when pH is low (resists pH changes) carbonic acid bicarbonate system
Term
Inorganic Molecules
Definition

1. generally don't contain C (chains of C)

2. usually smaller than organic molecules

3. usually dissociate in water, forming ions

4. main inorganic compounds water, oxygen,CO2, and inorganic salts

Term
Water
Definition

1. Most abundant compound in living material

2. two thirds of the weight of an dult human

3. major component of all body fluids

4. medium for most metabolic reactions

5. important role in transporting chemicals in the body

6. absorbs and transports heat

Term
Oxygen
Definition

1. used by organelles to release energy from nutrients in order to drive cell's metabollic activities like cellular respiration.

2. necessary for survival

Term
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Definition

1. waste product released during metabolic reactions

2. must be removed from the body

Term
Inorganic salts
Definition

1. abundant in body fluids

2. sources of necessary ions (Na+ Cl- K+ Ca2+)

3. play important roles in metabolism

Term
Organic Molecules- contain C And H backbone
Definition

1. usually larger than inorganic molecules

2. dissolve in water and organic liquids

 

Term
4 main organic compounds
Definition

a) carbohydrates

b) Lipids

c) proteins

d)Nucleic acids

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