Term
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Definition
| all changes in the characteristics and diversity of life on earth throughout its history |
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Term
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Definition
| the evolutionary history of taxon origin and diversification |
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Term
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Definition
| a diagram whose branches represent evolutionary history and depicts the common descent of species |
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Term
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Definition
| the body cavity in triploblastic animals, lined with mesodermal pritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
| early embryonic cleavage in which cleavage planes are diagonal to the polar axis and produce unequal cells in rotating spirals |
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Term
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Definition
Having a nearly uniform body temperature, regulated independently from the environmental temperature
(warm-blooded) |
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Term
Hypothetico-deductive method
(Ch.1) |
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Definition
| the central procedure of the scientific method |
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Term
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Definition
| a statement or proposition that can be tested by observation or experiment |
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Term
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Definition
1. Observation
2. Question
3. Collect preliminary data
4. Hypothesis
5. Develop testable predictions
6. Test predictions
7. Accept hypothesis
8. Publish
OR
7. Reject hypothesis
8. Revise hypothesis and predictions
9. Test again |
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Term
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Definition
| the scientific study of animals |
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Term
5 Essential Characteristics of Science
(Ch.1) |
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Definition
Stated by Judge Overton
1. It is guided by natural law
2. It must be explanatory by reference to natural law
3. Its conjectures are testable against the empirical world
4. Its conclusions are tentative and not necessarily the final word
5. It is falsifiable |
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Term
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Definition
the factors that underlie the functioning of a biological system at a particular place and time, including those responsible for metabolic, physiological, and behavioral functions at the molecular, cellular, organismal, and population levels
experimental method |
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Term
Experimental method
(Ch.1) |
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Definition
| General procedure for testing hypotheses by predicting how a biological system will respond to a disturbance, making the disturbance under controlled conditions, and then comparing the observed results with the predicted ones |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the scientific experiment to which the experimental variable is not applied, but similar to the experimental group in all other respects |
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Term
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Definition
| use of patterns of similarity and dissimilarity among species or populations to test hypotheses of character homology and to infer phylogenetic relationships |
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Term
Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
(Ch.1) |
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Definition
Proposed by French biologist Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
Discredited notion that organisms, by striving to meet the demands of their environments, obtain new adaptations and pass them by heredity to their offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms of the same species inhabiting a specific geographical area |
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Term
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Definition
| assumptions that the laws of chemistry and physics have remained constant throughout the history of the earth, and that past geological events occurred as they do today |
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Term
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Definition
1. Perpetual Change
2. Common Descent
3. Multiplication of Species
4. Gradualism
5. Natural Selection |
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Term
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Definition
Most basic theory of evolution
The living world is neither constant nor cycling, but is always undergoing irreversible modification through time |
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Term
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Definition
| All forms of life are derived from a shared ancestral population |
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Term
Multiplication of Species
(Ch.1) |
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Definition
| the evolutionary process that generates new species through a branching of evolutionary lineages derived from ancestral species |
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Term
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Definition
| evolution occurs by the small, incremental changes by populations, usually across very long periods of time |
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Term
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Definition
| The interactions between organismal character variation and the environment that cause differences in rates of survival and reproduction among varying organisms in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| anatomical structure, physiological process, or behavioral trait that evolved by natural selection and improves an organisms ability to survive and reproduce |
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Term
Darwins Observation 1
(Ch.1) |
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Definition
| Organisms have great potential fetility, which permits exponential growth of populations |
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Term
Darwins Observation 2
(Ch.1) |
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Definition
| Natural populations normally do not increase exponentially but remain fairly constant in size |
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Term
Darwins Observation 3
(Ch.1) |
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Definition
| Natural resources are limited |
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Term
Darwins Inference 1
(Ch.1) |
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Definition
| A struggle for existence occurs among organisms in a population |
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Term
Darwins Observation 4
(Ch.1) |
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Definition
| Variation occurs among organisms within populations |
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Term
Darwins Observation 5
(Ch.1) |
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Definition
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Term
Darwins Inference 2
(Ch.1) |
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Definition
| Varying organisms show differential survival and reproduction, favoring advantageous traits |
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Term
Darwins Inference 3
(Ch.1) |
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Definition
| Natural selection, acting over many generations, gradually produces new adaptations and new species |
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Term
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Definition
explain long term and broad scale process that influence organisms
Comparative method |
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Term
Alfred Russel Wallace
(Ch.1) |
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Definition
| Co-discovered evolution by natural selection |
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Term
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Definition
| history of an organisms development throughout its entire life |
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Term
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Definition
| evolutionary change in the timing of their development |
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Term
INDIVIDUALS DEVELOP
POPULATIONS AND SPECIES EVOLVE |
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Definition
INDIVIDUALS DEVELOP
POPULATIONS AND SPECIES EVOLVE |
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Term
Allopatric speciation
(Ch.1) |
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Definition
| speciation resulting from genetic isolation of geographically seperated populations |
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Term
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Definition
| evolution of many ecologically diverse species from a single common ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
| the marriage of population genetics and darwinian evolution in 1930's and 40's |
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