Shared Flashcard Set

Details

BIO Lab E2- famialize with brain
Unit 4
78
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/09/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Ganglia
Definition
Neurons outside CNS
Term
Gray Matter
Definition
Neurons in the CNS
Term
White Matter
Definition
Region of Spinal Cord containing Myelinated axons
Term
Multipolar
Definition

Neurons with 3 or more processes

most common

major neuron of cns

 

Mostly Interneurons

Some Motor Neurons

Term
Bipolar
Definition

Neurons with 2 or more processes

Sensory Neurons- special senses

Term

Unipolar

 

Definition

One process

Primary sensory neurons in Dorsal root ganglia of spinal cord, sensory ganglia of cranial nerves

Term

spinal nerves

how many pairs

what do they enter/ how?

what happens after

Definition

spinal nerves

31 pairs

enter intervertebral foramina then split to dorsal and ventral roots

Term

cranial nerves

pairs?

Definition

12 pairs

 

 

Term
fasicles
Definition
bundles of nerve fibers that you'd see in a slide of nervous tissue
Term
perineurium
Definition
thin layer of CT around Fasicle
Term
epineurium
Definition
Much thicker fibrous sheath that encloses fasicle and perineurium
Term
Dura Matter
Definition
brain's outermost surrounding ct
Term
Arachnoid Matter
Definition
middle tissue layer of CT on brain. Fine sheet across grooves
Term
Pia Matter
Definition
innermost layer directly on brain, closely adheres to the brain's surface
Term
Subarachnoid Space
Definition
space between arachnoid and pia matter filled with cebrospinal fluid
Term
Four main regions of brain
Definition

cerebrum

diencephalon

brain stem

cerebellum

Term
Ventricles
Definition
4 chambers of brain lined with ependymal cells that make cebrospinal fluid.
Term
Septum Pellucidum
Definition
thin membrane that separates the lateral ventricles
Term
3rd ventricle
Definition
diencephalon- longitudinal slit below choroid plexus
Term
4th ventricle
Definition
between brain stem and cerebellum, connects with central canal of spinal cord inferiorly. and with the 3rd ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct from the midbrain
Term
Cerebrum
Definition

has hemisphers seperated by longitudinal fissure, connected by corpus callosum

 

Processes Thought

 

cortical gray matter- total brain integration and intellectual and emotional processing

 

basal cell nuclei (ganglia)- subcortical motor center that initiates skeletal muscle movements

Term
gyri
Definition
cerebrum- elevated ridges of tissue, wrinkles give more SA helping with brain efficiency
Term
Sulci
Definition
cerebrum- grooves which separate Gyri divide hemispheres into lobes
Term
Corpus Callosum
Definition
cerebrum- thin transverse band of white fibers myelinated axons that carry info between two hemispheres
Term
olfactory bulbs
Definition
cerebrum- two enlargements that project from the anteroventral portion of the cerebrum, they lie over the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
Term
olfactory nerve
Definition

cerebrum- cranial nerve 1- neurons lying in olfactory epithelium of upper nasal cavity that receive smell stimuli.

 

Purely Sensory

Term
olfactory tract
Definition
cerebrum- two that extend at an angle caudally and laterally from each bulb
Term
Fornix
Definition
cerebrum- bundle of white axon fibers at base of brain, posterior to septum pellucidum used for communication between the two hippocampi, the thalamus, and the mamillary bodies
Term
Anterior Commissure
Definition
cerebrum- section posterior fornix composed of small, round bundle of fibers connected from the fornix for olfactory decussation.
Term

Diencephalon

regions

functions from 2 things

Definition

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

 

Thalamic Nuclei- sensory impulses to cerebral cortex

impulses to and from cerebral motor complex.

 

hypothalamus- chief integration center of ANS.

Term

Epithalamus

what does it contain 3

Definition

Diencephalon

Dorsal most part of diencephalon

choroid plexus, third ventricle, pineal gland.

 

produces spinal fluid, secretes melanin which helps sleep/wake cycle and mood.

Term
Choroid Plexus
Definition
Diencephalon- Epithalamus- its ependymal cells produce CSF
Term
Third Ventricle
Definition
Diencephalon- epithalamus- longitudinal slit immediately below choroid plexus.
Term
Pineal Gland
Definition

Diencephalon- epithalamus- at posterior end of epithalamus

 

endocrine gland that secretes melanin

helps sleep/ wake mood

Term
Hypothalamus
Definition

Diencephalon-

ventral surface of diencephalon, lies above pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is attached to the Infundibulum

 

homeostatic regulation of internal environment.

 

contains optic nerve, optic chiasma, mamillary body

Term
Optic Nerve
Definition

Diencephalon- Hypothalamus- Cranial Nerve 2- retina to brain,

 

purely sensory

Term
Optic Chiasma
Definition

Diencephalon- hypothalamus-

 

prominent, anterior border of hypothalamus. The rest of the hypothalamus lies posterior to optic chiasma

Term
Mamillary Body
Definition

Diencephalon- Hypothalamus- Caudal End of hypothalamus

 

olfactory relay station

Term
thalamus
Definition

Diencephalon-

- most mass of diencephalon

- right and left lobes connected by intermediate mass

 

its the brains relay station of ascending sensory information

 

contains intermediate mass, nuclui, optic tract, lateral geniculate body, and medial geniculate body

Term
Intermediate Mass
Definition
Diencephalon- Thalamus- connects right and left thalamus lobes
Term
Optic Tract
Definition
Diencephalon- Thalamus- leads from optic chiasma to lateral geniculate body.
Term
lateral geniculate body
Definition

Diencephalon- Thalamus- enlargement of thalamus

find it by tracing optic tract beneath the cerebral hemisphere

its a white ridgelike structure on lateral side of thalamus

 

visual relay station

Term
Medial Geniculate Body
Definition

Diencephalon- Thalamus

Small enlargement posterior and inferior to lateral geniculate body.

 

auditory relay center

Term

Brain Stem

structures within it

functions from what 3 structures?

Definition

Brain Stem contains

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

 

midbrain- conduction between higher and lower brain centers. visual and auditory reflex centers

 

pons-respiratory control

 

medulla oblongata- decussation site of pyramidal tracts.

Controls many ANS things

 

Term

Midbrain

aka?

 

contains?

Definition

Brain Stem-

aka mescephalon

dorsal surface can be seen by separating cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum

- roof has 4 prominent swellings

 

visual and auditory reflex centers are here.

 

contains corpora quadrigemia, superior and inferior colliculi, trochlear nerve, cerebral aqueduct, cerebral peduncle, and oculomotor nerve

Term
Corpora Quadrigemia-
Definition

Brain Stem- Midbrain

4 prominent swellings on roof of midbrain

 

1st/2nd swelling- Superior Colliculi, larger anterior swelings

 

3rd/4th inferior colliculi, smaller inferior

 

contains trochlear nerve

Term
Superior Colliculi
Definition

Brain Stem- midbrain-

2 larger anterior superior swellings on midbrain roof.

 

coordinate head/eye movements

Term
Inferior Colliculi
Definition

Brain Stem- midbrain

 

3rd/4th smaller posterior swellings on midbrain roof.

 

auditory relay stations

Term

Trochlear Nerve

 

Definition

Brain Stem- midbrain- cranial nerve 4

slightly posterior to inferior colliculi

 

mixed nerve with one extrinsic eye muscle

Term
Cerebral Peduncle
Definition

Brain Stem- midbrain

ventrolateral surface of midbrain

posterior to mamillary body of hypothalamus

contains corticospinal tracts descending to spinal cord

 

contains oculomotor nerves

Term
Oculomotor Nerves
Definition

Brain Stem- midbrain- cranial nerve 3

 

from surface of cerebral peduncle

mixed nerve for 4 of 6 extrinsic eye muscles

-iris for pupil constriction

Term
Cerebral Aqueduct
Definition

Brain stem- midbrain

 

The cerebral aqueduct is a narrow opening in the brain that connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle, allowing cerebrospinal fluid to flow between these two areas.

Term

Pons

Contains

Definition

brainstem

superior to medulla oblongata, inferior to midbrain, ventral to cerebellum.

 

 contains 2 fiber tracts, transverse and trapezoid body

 

involuntary breathing regulation

Term
Transverse Fibers
Definition

Brain Stem- Pons-

connect the two hemispheres of the cerebellum via cerebral peduncles

Term
Trigeminal Nerve
Definition

Brain Stem- Pons- Cranial nerve 5

extends across base of middle cerebral peduncle

will be cut short in lab, but will still have wide diameter

 

its a mixed nerve, afferent Head & Face.

Term
Trapezoid body
Definition

brain stem- pons- 

narrower fibers that run posterior to transverse fibers

run longitudinally forming ascending/ descending tracts.

 

also contain abducens nerve 

Term
Abducens Nerve
Definition

brain stem- pons

cranial nerve 6-

 

mixed nerve 1 eye muscle

 

arises from trapezoid body slightly lateral to midventral line.

 

Term
Medulla Oblongata
Definition

brain stem- medulla oblongata

 

lower half of brainstem

 

contains fourth ventricle w/ medullary velum, ventral median fissure, pyramid, olive

 

contains cardiac, respiratory, vomiting, and vasomotor centers. its deals with ANS functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

 

also it contains cranial nerves 7-12

 

all ascending/ descending pathways pass through medulla

Term
fourth ventricle
Definition

brain stem- medulla-

 

extends from cerebral aqueduct to the obex, filled with CSF

 

It has a diamond shape

Term
Medullary Velum
Definition

brain stem- medulla

- forms anterior 4th ventricle roof

 

Term
Ventral Median Fissure
Definition

brain stem- medulla

midventral groove

Term
Pyramids
Definition

brain stem- medulla

longitudinal tissue bands on sides of ventral median fissure. comprised of corticospinal tracts (pyramidal system)-

 

efferent motor signals- motor cortex to gray matter

Term
Olives
Definition

Brain Stem- medulla

oval swellings lateral to pyramids and posterior to trapezoid body

-Afferent, relay info from spinal cord, cerebral cortex, and brain stem to cerebellum

Term
Cerebellum
Definition

- has appearance of separate structure attached to bottom of brain beneath cerebral hemispheres.

 

- fine movement

 

contains hemispheres, vermis

arbor vitae

anterior superior cerebellar peduncle

middle peduncle

posterior peduncle

Term
Vermis
Definition
cerebellum- segmented worm like groove that separates the two cerebellar hemispheres
Term
Cerebellar Peduncles
Definition

cerebellum- 3 prominent fiber tracts that connect cerebellum to other brain regions

 

middle, posterior, and anterior peduncle.

Term
Middle Cerebellar peduncle
Definition

cerebellum

 

connects cerebellum to pons

Term
posterior cerebellar peduncle
Definition

cerebellum

connects cerebellum to spinal cord/ brain stem

 

Term

anterior peduncle

 

Definition

cerebellum

cerebellum - midbrain

Term
arbor vitae
Definition

cerebellum

Cerebellar white matter that has appearance of a tree

 

brings sensory info to and from cerebellum.

Term
Cranial Nerve 1
Definition

olfactory

sensory

smell

cerebrum/ olfactory bulbs

Term
cranial nerve 2
Definition

optic

sensory nerve

vision

diencephalon/ hypothalamus

Term
cranial nerve 3
Definition

oculomotor

mixed

4/6 extrinsic eye muscles

mostly motor

brain stem/ cerebral peduncle

Term
cranial nerve 4
Definition

Trochlear

mixed

1/6 eye

brain stem/ corpora quadrigemina

Term
cranial nerve 5
Definition

trigeminal

mixed

head/face/ proprioceptive

pons/ transverse fibers

Term
cranial nerve 6
Definition

abducens

mixed

primarily motor 1/6 eye

pons/ trapezoid

Supporting users have an ad free experience!