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BIO 5
BIO5 1 & 2
97
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
02/01/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Cell Theory
Definition
cells are structure bldg blocks of all plant and animal, basic unit of life, smallest structure unit that perform all vital fcn
Term
Cell membrane
Definition

fcn: physical barrier, selective permeable, sensitivity, structure support.

 

lipid bilayer, 2back 2 back layer, made of phoospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, glycolipid

Term
feedback system
Definition

controlled cond: temp

Stimulus- disruption that causes change in controlled cond, ex: heat from stove

 

three components:

receptor

modulator

effector

Term
Vital Life Process
Definition

Responsiveness-irrirability-adapt

movement

growth

reproductive

 

Metabolism-absorb/reasorb, excretion

 

Differentation- change one form to another

Term
Two types of cells
Definition

Sex Cells

male -sperm

female- oocyte

 

Somatic cells

all other cells

Term
Homeostasis
Definition

The maintenance of relatively stable condition

 

ex: body temp, Ph, blood sugar, c02, waste

Term
Control of homeostasis
Definition

Nervous System=nerves

 

Endocrine System=w/ hormones, effects other system

Term
Levels of organization
Definition

Atom

chemical

organelle

cellular

tissue

organ

organ syst

organism

Term
Physiology
Definition

Study of fcn of human body

 

physio= nature

 

ology= study of

Term
Feedback system homeostasis
Definition

maintain homeostasis-

cycle of events, body condition, continually monitored, evaluateds, re-monitored, re-eval

Term
Anatomy
Definition

study of structure of human body

 

ana= up

tomy=cut

 

thus the study of the structure of the human body using disecion

Term

Gross Anatomy

 

microscopic

 

cytology

 

histology

Definition

lrg structure visible to eye

 

structures need magnified

 

study of cell structure

 

study of tissues

Term
Anatomical posotion
Definition
legs together, feet flat, palms facing forward
Term

Systems of the body

11

Definition

Skeletal

muscular

cardiovascular

lymphatic

nervous

endocrine

integumentary

respiratory

digestive

urinary

reproductive

Term
Skeletal system
Definition

bones, cartilage & joints, ligaments that secure bones to joints

axial skeleton( skull vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, sternum, supporting cart & ligaments) bone marrow

FCN: support, protect, blood, stores minerals

 

Term
Integumentary system
Definition

cutaneous menbranes

epidermis

dermis, hair follicle, hair, sweat gland,nails,sensory receptors, sucutaneous layer

 

FCN: protect, strength, sensation, prespiration, cooling, sensation touch, pressure, temp, pain, stores lipids; attaces to deeper structure

 

Term
Axil Skeleton
Definition
skull, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, sternum, supporting cart & lig
Term
Appendicular Skeleton
Definition
Limbs and supporting bones, ligaments
Term
Muscular System
Definition

 

 

FCN: locomotion, provides support, produce heat, protect, entrance to digestive tract, tendon

Term

nervous system

 

Definition

CNS:brain, spinal cord, special senses, PNS

 

directs immediate response to stimuli, coord activities w/ other organ systems

Term
Endocrine System
Definition

pineal gland, pitutary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, supraneal glands,kidkey, pancreas, gonads, testies, ovary

 

FCN: direct long-term changes of other organ systems, hormones

Term

Pineal gland

Pitutary gland

parathyroid

supraneal gland

kidney

pancreas

gonads

testies

ovaries

Definition

PG-timing of repro and set day night bio rhythms

pitutary gland- control other endocrine glands, regulates growth & fluid balance

Parathyroid- regulates calcium w/ thyroid

supraneal gland-adj h20 bal, tissue metabolism, cardiovascular & resp act

kidney- control RBC producion & elevate BP

Pancreas- regulates blood glucose level

testes

ovaries

Term

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

 

Definition

heart, blood vessels, arteries, capillaries, veins, blood

 

FCN: transport cells & dissolved materials, nutrients, waste and gases

 

heart-propels blood/BP

Blood vessel-distrib blood

arteries-carry blood from heart to capillaries

capillaries-permit diffusion between blood & interstital fluids.

veins-return blood from capillaries to heart

blood- tranpoer oxygen, carbon dioxide, blood cells, nutrients, hormones, remove waste reg &defend disease

Term
lymphatic system
Definition

FCN: defend againt infection&disease returns tissue to bloodstream

lymphatic vessels-carry lumph, lymphocytes, from peripheral tissue to veins of cardio

lymph nodes- monotor comp of lymph;engulf pathogens, stim immune response

spleen:monitors circulating blood,engulf pathogens, immune response

thymus-tcells

Term
Digestive System
Definition

FCN: process food, absorb nutrients

 

mouth-receptacle for food, mastication

salivary gland-provide buffer and lube, produce enzyme that begin to digest.

pharynx-conducts solid food, liquid to espohagus chamber shared w/ respiratory tract

esophagus-delivers food to stomach

stomach-secrets acids & enzymes

sm intes-secretes diget enzymes, buffer and hormone;absorb nutrients

Liver- secretes bile;regulates nutrient composition of blood

gallbladder-stores & concentrates biles for release into sm intestine

pancreas:secreates digest enzymes and buffers;contains endocrine cells

lrg inst: removes h20 from fecal material;stores waste

Term
Uninary system
Definition

FCN: eliminates excess h20, salts and waste

Kidney- form & concentrate urine;reg blood ph,ion concentration perf;endo fcn.

ureters: conducts urine from kidney to uniary bladder

urinary bldder-stores urine for removal elimination

urethra: conducts urine exerior

Term
Reproductive system
Definition
FCn:produce sex cells, Hormones
Term
Supine
Definition
lying antomical face up
Term
prone
Definition
lying face down
Term
Cephalic/cranial
Definition
head
Term
cervical
Definition
neck
Term
thoracic
Definition
chest
Term
axillary/axilla
Definition
arm pit
Term
abdominal
Definition
abdomin
Term
coxal
Definition
Term
lumbar/kumbus
Definition
low back
Term
sacral
Definition
Term
Sacrum
Definition

 the bottom of the spine and lies between the fifth segment of the lumbar spine (L5) and the coccyx (tailbone).

The sacrum is a triangular-shaped bone and consists of five segments (S1 – S5) that are fused together

Term
Gluteal
Definition
buttocks
Term
pubic
Definition
pelvic
Term
Brachial
Definition
upper limb closest to trunk
Term
antebrachial
Definition
forearm
Term
anticubital
Definition
front of elbow
Term
carpal
Definition
wrist
Term
palmar
Definition
palm
Term
digital
Definition
fingers
Term
Femoral
Definition
femur thigh
Term
patellar
Definition
patella/knee
Term
crural
Definition
shin/leg
Term
calcaneal
Definition
calcaneous/heel of foot
Term
tarsal
Definition
tarsus/ankle
Term
pedal
Definition
pes/foot/top anterior
Term
plantar
Definition
sole of foot
Term
Frons
Definition
forehead
Term
oculus
Definition
eye, orbit, occular
Term
bucca
Definition
cheek
Term
mamma
Definition
breast
Term
umbilicus
Definition
navel/umbilical
Term
inguen
Definition
groin/ingunial
Term
cephalon/cephalic
Definition
head
Term
nasus
Definition
nose/nasal
Term
hallux
Definition
great toe
Term
pollex
Definition
thumb
Term
manus
Definition
hand/manual
Term

Superior/inferior

cephalic/cranial caudal

anterior/posterior

ventral/dorsal (spcord)

lateral/medial

distal/proxmial

deep/superfacial

supine/prone

Definition
Term
Dorsal Cavity(posterior)
Definition

Cranial cavity

&

Vertebral/spainal cord

Term

Ventral Cavity

 

Definition

Thoracic Cavity

Pleural Cavity Surrounds right/left lungs-lungs

mediastinum-contains trachea, esophagus, major vesses heart/centeral area

pericardial cavity-HEART surrounds heart

Term

Abdominal cavity

 

Definition

contains peritoneal cavity~ABD CAVITY-contains digestive glands organs

Pelvic Cavity- uniary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion of digetstive tract

Term

abdominal regions

epigastric-region

umbilical-region

hypogastric-region

Hypochondriac R & L

LUMBAR R & L

INGUNIAL R & L

Definition

epigastric-liver,stomach

umbilical-gallbladder,lrg/sm intestine

hypogastric-appendix, urinary bladder

Hypochondriac Right-

Hypochondriac LEFT- spleen

LUMBAR R & L

 

INGUNIAL R & L

Term
ABDOMINAL QUADRANTS
Definition

right upper quad

left upped quad

right lower quad

left lower quad

Term
RIGHT UPPER QUAD /RUQ
Definition
RIGHT LOBE OF LIVER, GALLBLADDER, RIGHT KIDNEY, PORT OF STOMACH, SM.LRG INTESTINE
Term
LEFT UPPER QUAD/ LUQ
Definition
LEFT LOBE OF LIVER, STOMACH, PANCREAS, LEFT KIDNEY, SPLEEN, PORTIONS OF LRG KIDNEY
Term
RIGHT LOWER QUAD/RLQ
Definition
CECUM, APPENDIX, PORTIONS OF SM INSTESINE, REPRODUCTIVE OVARY, RIGHT URTER, SPERM CORD
Term
LEFT LOWER QUAD/LLQ
Definition
MOST OF SM INTESTINE, PORTIONS OF LRG INTESTINE, LEFT URTER, LRFT OVARY SPERM CORD
Term

RUQ -LUQ

RLQ-LLQ

Definition

RUQ -LUQ

RLQ-LLQ

Term
anterior
Definition

front, before

 

Term
ventral
Definition
back side
Term
dorsal
Definition

back

the scapula is located dorsal side of body

Term
caudal
Definition

toward tail

yhe hips are caudal to the waist

Term
inferior
Definition
below
Term
lateral
Definition
away from-side
Term
proximal
Definition

toward attached base

thigh is proximal to the foot

Term
distal
Definition

away from

 

the finger is distal to the elbow

Term
sagittal
Definition
right & left portions
Term
midsagittal
Definition
divides the body into half right and left sides
Term
frontal/coronal
Definition

separates anterior & posterior portions of body

coronal usually refers to sections passing thru the skull

Term
NON MEMBRANOUS ORGANELLES
Definition

 

cytoskeleton- Microtuble & Microfilaments

 

FCN: Increase surface ares faciliatat absorb of excellular material

Microvilli:  FCN movment of material over cell surface

composition: membrane ext contain microtubules in dublets 9+2 array

Centrosomes & CENTRIOLES: FCN: stretch/support, movment of cellular surface

Cila: FCN:  movement of chromosomes during cell division

Ribosomes: protein synthesis

comp: RNA+protein;fixed ribo bound to tough endo plas ret, free ribo scattered in cytoplasm

Term
PLASMA MEMBRANE
Definition

LIPID BILAYER, CONTAINING PHOSPHOLIPDS, STERIODS, PROTEIN &CARBS

 

fcn: ISOLATION ; PROTECT;SENSITIVITY;SUPPORT, REGULATION OF EXCHANGE WITH ENVIRONMENT CONTROL ENTRANCE & EXIT

Term
CYTOSOL
Definition

FLUID COMPONENT OF CYTOPLASM;CONTAIN INSOLUBLE MATERIAL

 

FCN: DISTRUBUTE MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION, STORES GLYCOGEN, PIGMENTS AND MATERIAL

Term
ATP
Definition
WHEN HIGH ENERGY BOND IN ATP PROVIDES THE ENERGY NEEDED TO MOVE IONS OR MOLECULES ACROSS THE MEMBRANE, THE PROCESS IS TERMED ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Term
ENDOCYTOSIS
Definition

PACKAGING OF EXTRACELLULAR MATERIAL INTO A VESICLE AT THE CELLS SURFACE  FOR IMPORTANT INT THE CELL IS TERMED ENCOCYTOSIS

 

fcn: INVOLVES LRG  VOLUMES OF EXTRA CELLULAR MATERIAL, BULK TRANSPORT

Term
PINOCYTOSIS
Definition
CELL DRINKING, FILLED W/ EXTRACELLULAR FLUID. A DEEP GROOVE POCKET FORMS IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE THEN PINCH OFF.
Term
PHAGOCYTOSIS
Definition
ENGULFING OF EXTRACELLULAR MATERIAL OR PATHOGENS;MOVEMENT OF EXT CELLULAR MATERIAL INTO CYTOPLASM BY ENCLOSURE IN A MEMBRANE VESICLE
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