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| Study of structures of body parts in relation to functions and one another: Gross/Macroscopic and developmental |
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| Our skin, covers the entire body, includes skin, sweat glands, oil glands, hair and nails. Protects lower tissues. |
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| Composed of bone, cartilage, and ligaments, protects and supports body, provide infrastructure and framework, makes blood cells, and stores minerals, mostly calcium |
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| Composed of muscles and tendons, allows movement |
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| Composed of brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Fast acting control system, responds to stimuli and activated muscular and other responses |
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| Glands secreting hormones, slow moving control system |
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| composed of heart and blood vessels, transports respiratory gasses, hormones etc. |
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| Drains fluids that have leaked, picks up Debris, and returns it all to the blood stream, houses white blood cells |
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| Nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, does gas exchange. |
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| Breaks down food into usable sizes/chemicals. eliminates indigestible food stuffs as waste |
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| Eliminates nitrogenous waste from the body, regulates blood water, electrolytes and pH balance |
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| allows for reproduction and care of infants |
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| closer to the point of the attachment |
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| further from the point of attachment |
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| divides the body into left and right parts |
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| divides the body into posterior and anterior parts |
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| divides the body into superior and inferior parts |
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| protects the nervous system |
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| chest cavity superior to the diaphragm |
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| abdomen and pelvic inferior to the diaphragm |
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| contains stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other viscera |
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| contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum |
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| lines internal body walls |
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| lubricates parietal and visceral serosa |
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| physical boundary, separates intracellular fluids from extra-cellular fluids, is selectively permeable, intracellular communication, adhesion, and matrix |
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| impermiable junction between cells |
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| allows molecules to be passed between cells |
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| gel like fluid within a cell, includes melanin for color, glycogen(fast energy), and lipids(energy storage) |
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| control center of the cell, contains chromosomes and nucleolus, does cell reproduction and protein synthesis |
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| concentrated area of RNA, no border, makes ribosomes |
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| rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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| stack of membranes studded with ribosomes |
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| smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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| stack of membranses with no ribosomes, lipid synthesis, membrane formation, detox, and calcium storage |
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| membrane stacks, tag proteins with glycemic indicators for routing purposes |
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| cell digestion centers contains enzymes of hydrolysis |
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| ATP synthesis for energy contain their own DNA and all are descendant from mom |
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| structural and transportation functions includes microfibers, intermediate filaments, and microtubles |
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| muscle like contractile fibers movement in and out of cells |
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| provide structure and strength |
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| larger conveyor belt movement in a cell |
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| many short hair like extensions, move mucus and particles along outside of cell |
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| single longer projection used to move the cell, only on sperm in the human body |
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| short projections that increase surface area of cells |
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| threadlike dispersed DNA, condenses into chromosomes when cell is dividing |
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| chromatin condenses into chromosomes |
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| chromosomes lined up at cell equator |
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| chromosomes pulled apart into chromatids one full set at each end of cell |
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| chromatids disperse and nuclear envelope develops, simultaneous with cytokineses |
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| cell divides into 2 cells |
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| cells functional lifespan before it divides again |
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| cell grows, duplicates organelles |
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| DNA or chromatids synthesized creating pairs of chromatids that form chromosomes |
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| aggregation of similar cells with specialized function, characteristics, and extracellular matrix |
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| covers and lines structures, forms glands |
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| simple squamous epithelium |
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| thin flat cells that allow diffusion, form a porous sheet in kidneys for cell diffusion |
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| simple cuboidal epithelium |
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| cube shaped cells that allow secretion and absorbtion |
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| simple columnar epithelium |
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| tall active cells allow secretion and absorbtion, nuclei will all be aligned |
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| pseudostratefied columnar epithelium |
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| secretion and movement of mucus, ciliated, nuclei will be at different levels |
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| stratified squamous epithelium |
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| layers of thin flat cells apical surface allows cells to sloughed off, provides protection from external movement |
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| stratefied cuboidal and columnar epithelium |
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| very rare in the human body |
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| lines urinary bladder stretches very well |
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| deeper than epithelium, vascular, innervated, scattered cells, mostly matrix |
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| type of connective tissue matrix, 5 types, all tough, flexible, parallel fibers in cross-linked bundles, most abundant in the body |
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| types of connective tissue matrix, branched, very stretchy |
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| types of connective tissue matrix, collagen coated with glycoprotein for attachment by other cells |
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| matire into fiberocytes, make and maintain loose and dense connective tissue |
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| mature into chondrocytes, make and maintain cartilage |
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| mature into osteocytes, make and maintain bone |
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| found in red bone marrow, make blood cells |
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| microphages, plasma cells, and other white blood cells |
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| release histamine and promote inflation |
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| embryonic connective tissue, matures into all other connective tissue types |
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| supports the umbilical cord |
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| areolar connective tissue |
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| binds and cushions organs and skin |
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| adipose connective tissue |
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| only connective tissues with a small amount of matrix, stores fat in adipocytes, insulation, padding, and energy storage |
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| burns fat without making atp, only generating heat, found only in babies |
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| reticular connective tissue |
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| reticular fibers provide a soft skeleton to give organs structure and shape |
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| dense regular connective tissue |
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| fiberous connective tissue, all fibers fun the same way, much strength against force in one direction, attached muscle to bone and other muscles |
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| dense irregular connective tissue |
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| fibrous connective tissue, fibers run in many directions, much strength against force in any direction, used in skin |
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| withstands stretch and compression, tough and flexible |
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| similar to hyaline cartilage, but more flexible and more elastic |
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| elastic connective tissue |
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| branched wavy fibers allow stretching |
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| matrix similar to hyaline cartilage but not as firm allows compression, found in joints |
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| calcified matrix with collagen provides support and protection of body, allows calcium storage and blood cell formation |
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| blood cells in a liquid matrix transports respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, etc |
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| tissues that combine both epithelium and connective tissue |
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| skin keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with dermis below that is connective |
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| line body cavities connected to external surfaces, lubrication, secretion, and absorbtion |
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| line body cavities and cover internal organs, lubricates two surfaces |
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| lines cavities of joints, no epithelum |
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| contraction is the only purpose all from mesoderm |
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| striated, voluntary, unbranched, multinucleated cells, connects to bones to move the body |
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| striated, involuntary, branched, found in the heart |
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| involuntary, unstriated, spindle shaped |
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| regulation and control of the bodily systems, develops from ectoderm |
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| stimulates muscles and responds to stimuli |
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| glia cells protect and support nervous cells |
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