Term
| What is the structural and functional unit of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two major regions that the cell is divided into? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is composed of organelles suspended in cytosol? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of a cell separates the intercellular fluid from the extracellular fluid? |
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Definition
| cell membrane (plasma membrane) |
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Term
| Name 3 things that make up most of the cell membrane. |
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Definition
| phospholipids bilayer, cholesterol molecules, globular and fibrous proteins |
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Term
| Is the cell membrane selectively permeable (semipermeable)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibrous proteins act as receptors for hormones, enzymes and antibodies. |
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Definition
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Term
| Globular proteins act as channels to regulate ion movement in and out of the cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the gel-like fluid between the nucleus and the cell membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the largest organelle in the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 4 things make up the nucleus? |
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Definition
| nuclear envelop, nucleolus, chromatin, nucleoplasm |
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Term
| Which structure in the nucleus consists of proteins and DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which structure in the nucleus consists of proteins and RNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the nuclear envelope a double membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the powerhouse of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is most of the ATP produced in the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does aerobic cellular respiration occur in the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the general formula for cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + 38 ATP + heat |
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Term
| Where is the site of protein synthesis in the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where can you find ribosomes in the cell? |
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Definition
| produced in the nucleolus in the nucleus and work in the cytoplasm as free-floating ribosomes or attached to RER |
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Term
| What is a network of interconnected flattened sacs that provide a passageway for material to move within the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a network of interconnected flattened sacs that provide a passageway for material to move within the cell called when ribosomes are attached? |
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Definition
| rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) |
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Term
| What is a network of interconnected flattened sacs that provide a passageway for material to move within the cell called when no ribosomes are attached? |
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Definition
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) |
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Term
| What are the functions of SER? |
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Definition
| cholesterol synthesis; fat metabolism; detoxification of drugs |
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Term
| What is a stack of 4 to 8 membranes where proteins and CHO are modified, packaged and transported within and exported out of the cell? |
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Definition
| Golgi apparatus (Golgi bodies) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is known as the “garbage disposal” of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of cell will contain large numbers of lysosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are short, hair-like structures that extend to the outside of cells that beat rhythmically to move substances across the surface of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a long, whip-like structure that propels a cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which human cell has a flagellum? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the 4 stages of the somatic cell cycle. |
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Definition
| interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis, differentiation |
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Term
| In which stage does the maintenance and growth of the cell occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which stage does the division of the nucleus occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which stage does the division of the cytoplasm occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which stage does the cell become a specialized cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many chromosomes are in a somatic cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Just before mitosis, what important replications occur during interphase? |
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Definition
| chromosomes replicate and centrioles replicate |
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Term
| What are the 2 parts of cell division? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 phases of mitosis? |
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Definition
| prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
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Term
| During which phase of mitosis does the nucleus disappear, chromosomes condense and the centrioles move to opposite poles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is DNA called when you cannot see it? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is DNA called when you can see it? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a duplicated chromosome called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What holds the chromatids together? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which phase do the chromatids meet in the middle of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which phase do the spindle fibers attach to the centromere? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which phase are the chromatids pulled apart? |
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Definition
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Term
| During which phase does cytoplasmic division begin? |
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Definition
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Term
| During which phase do we begin to see two daughter cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which phase is the opposite of prophase? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the two sibling (daughter) cells alike? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the two sibling (daughter) cells different? |
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Definition
| cell size can vary and the number of cellular organelles within each daughter cell can vary |
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Term
| What is another name for cytokinesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which phase does the specialization of cells into different cells occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the movement of substances across the cell membrane without the use of energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 4 examples of passive transport? |
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Definition
| simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, filtration, osmosis |
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Term
| What is the movement of substances from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a permeable membrane without the use of energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the movement of a solution through a selectively permeable membrane as a result of hydrostatic pressure and no cellular energy is required? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is hydrostatic pressure? |
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Definition
| the force of a moving liquid |
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Term
| What is an example of hydrostatic pressure in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a special case of diffusion where water molecules moves across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration without requiring cellular energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Water will move toward a solution that has more or less solid particles in it? |
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Definition
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Term
| Water will move toward a solution that is more or less concentrated with water? |
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Definition
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Term
| Water always tries to make a solution more dilute? True or False |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a solvent + a solute called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| part of a solution doing the dissolving (usually a liquid) |
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Term
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Definition
| part of a solution being dissolved (usually a solid) |
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Term
| What are 3 types of solutions based on their effects on a cell? |
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Definition
| isotonic solution, hypertonic solution, hypotonic solution |
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Term
| Which type of solution has the same concentration of solutes and solvent in the solution as in the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of solution does water move in and out of the cell equally? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of solution has a higher concentration of solutes in the solution than the solute concentration of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of solution does the water move out of the cell causing the cell to shrink? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of solution has a lower concentration of solutes in the solution than the solute concentration of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of solution does water move into the cell causing the cell to swell? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a cell swells so much that it burst, the cell is said to? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a red blood cell (RBC) swells so much that it burst, what is this called (be specific)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of solution can be given intravenously and not cause harm to the RBC? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 types of isotonic solutions that can be delivered intravenously? |
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Definition
| 5% dextrose solution or a 0.9% NaCl/100ml solution |
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Term
| What is the movement of substances across the membrane that does require energy and substances to move across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration (moves through a globular, integral or carrier protein)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does a carrier protein change shape during active transportation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the movement of large particles into a cell called? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is “cell drinking” called? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is “cell eating” called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the movement of specific particles that bind to fibrous proteins on the cell membrane and then are engulfed into the cell? |
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Definition
| receptor mediated endocytosis |
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Term
| What is the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration using a carrier protein with no cellular energy being required? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the movement of particles across a cell that has been captured on one side and then release on the other side of the cell? |
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Definition
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