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BIO 210 A&P I Chapter 5
Integumentary system
28
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/21/2011

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Term
Characteristics of  the Integumantary system
Definition
-Consist of the skin, nails, hair and glands. Its function are: protection, sensation, regulated body temperature, vitamin D production, excretion of small amount of waste products
Term
Epidermis
Definition
Outermost region, resist abrasion, reduces water loss. Composed of Keritanized stratisfied squamous epithelium consisting of four distinctive cell types and four or five layers. Cell types include: Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Merkel cells and Langerhans' cells
Term
Keratinocytes
Definition
-Most abundant cell type in the skin
Term
Melanocytes
Definition
-Produces the brown pigment melanin
Term
Langerhans' Cells
Definition
-Epidermal Macrophanges
Term
Merkel Cells
Definition
Thouch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings
Term
Stratum Basale
Definition
Basal Layer, deepest epidermal layer firmly attacthed to the dermis. Structural streght is provided by desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. consit of a single layer of the youngest  keratinocytes. cells undergo miotic division every 19 days
Term
Stratum Spinosum
Definition
Melanin granules and Lagerhans' cells are abundant in this layer. Melanin is take up by the keratinocytes and accumulates on the "sunny side" to protect the nucleus from UV damage
Term
Stratum Granulosum
Definition
Drastic changes in keratinocytes apperance occurs. Keratinocytes and lamellated bodies accumulate in this cell layer. above this layer the epithelial cells die because they are too far away from the connective tissue
Term
Stratum Lucidum
Definition
thin transparent band superficial to the stratum granulosum, consist of a few rows of flat dead keratinocytes, only present in thick skin (palms of the hands and soles of the feet)
Term
Stratum Corneum
Definition
outermost layer of keratinized cells, accounts for 3/4 of the epidermal thickness, 20-30 cell layers thick all dead cells. totaly new every 25-45 days
Term
Melanocytes
Definition
Produce melanin inside melanosomes and the transfer the melanin to keratinocytes. size and distribution determine skin color
Term
Dermis
Definition
Second major skin region containing strong flexible connective tissue. Cell types include fibroblast, adipose cell and macrophanges. composed of two layers: papilary and reticular
Term
Papillary Layer of the Dermis
Definition
Areolar connective tissue with collagen and ellastic fibers. Its superior surface contains peg like projections called dermal papillae. responsible for fingerprints and footprints (films of sweat) containd blood vessels that supply nutrients to the overlying epidermis
Term
Reticular layer of the dermis
Definition
Dense irregular connective tissue, accounts for aprox 80% of the thickness of the skin. collagen fibers in this layer add streght and resiliency to the skin. Elastin and collagen fibers are oriented more in one direction and produce clevage or tesion lines.
Term
Subcutaneous Tissue
Definition
Deepest part of the skin, composed of mostly adipose and areolar connective tissue. Not really skin, stores fat and connects the skin to underlying structures
Term
Lanugo
Definition
(fetal hair) is replaced near the time of birth by terminal hairs(scalp, eyelids, eyebrows) and vellus hair(soft hair)
Term
Characteristics of Hair
Definition
Hair are colums of dead, keratinized epithelial cells. each hair consist of:
Term
Arrector Pili
Definition
a smooth muscle that when contracts makes the hair stand up
Term
Sebaceous Glands
Definition
simple or compund, found all over the body except the palms of your hands and soles of the feet. secrete an oily secretion called sebum when stimulated by hormones
Term
Merocrine sweat gland
Definition
produces sweat via exocitocys, which cools the body. highly concentrated in the palm of the hand and soles of the feet.
Term
Aprocrine Glands
Definition
Found in the axilary and the genital area. ducts empty into hair follicle, produce an organinc secretion that when broken down by bacteria causes body odor.
Term
Cereminous gland
Definition
Modified mericrine gland in external ear canal that secrete cerumen(ear wax)
Term
Mamary glands
Definition
Specialized swat gland that secrete milk.
Term
Characteristics of the Nail
Definition
The nail is stratum corneum containg hard keratin. the nail root is covered by the skin. the nail body is the vissible part of the nail.
Term
The Nail matrix
Definition
Nearly all of the nail is formed by the nail matrix, but the nail bed contributes
Term
The lunula
Definition
is the part of the nail matrix that is vissble througth the nail body.
Term
Characteristics of Melanoma
Definition
-Asymmetry
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