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Bio 201 Chapter 1
An Introduction to the Human Body
39
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
01/16/2017

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
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Abdominal cavity
Definition
Superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, most of the small intestine, and part of the large intestine
Term

Abdominopelvic cavity

 
 
 

 

Definition
A cavity inferior to the diaphragm that is subdivided into a superior abdominal cavity and an inferior pelvic cavity
Term
Action potential (AP)
 

 

Definition
An electrical signal that propagates along the membrane of a neuron or muscle fiber (cell); a rapid change in membrane potential that involves a depolarization followed by a repolarization.

 

Term
Acupuncture
Definition
The use of fine needles (lasers, ultrasound, or electricity) inserted into specific exterior body locations and manipulated to relieve pain and provide therapy for various conditions. The placement of needles may cause the release of neurotransmitters such as endorphins, painkillers that may inhibit pain pathways.
Term
 Adaptation
Definition
The adjustment of the pupil of the eye to changes in light intensity. The property by which a sensory neuron relays a decreased frequency of action potentials from a receptor, even though the strength of the stimulus remains constant; the decrease in perception of a sensation over time while the stimulus is still present.
Term
Adrenergis neurons
Definition
A neuron that releases epinephrine (adrenaline) or norepinephrine (noradrenaline) as its neurotransmitter.
Term
Ageusia
Definition
Loss of the sense of taste.
Term

Anabolism 

 

Definition
Synthetic, energy-requiring reactions whereby small molecules are built up into larger ones.
Term

Anatomical position

Definition
A position of the body universally used in anatomical descriptions in which the body is erect, the head is level, the eyes face forward, the upper limbs are at the sides, the palms face forward, and the feet are flat on the floor.
Term

Anatomy

Definition
The structure or study of the structure of the body and the relation of its parts to each other.
Term

Aqueous humor

Definition
The watery fluid, similar in composition to cerebrospinal fluid, that fills the anterior cavity of the eye.
Term

Atoms

Definition
Unit of matter that makes up a chemical element; consists of a nucleus (containing positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons) and negatively charged electrons that orbit the nucleus.
Term

Auscultation

Definition
Examination by listening to sounds in the body.
Term

Autopsy 

 

Definition
The examination of the body after death.
Term

Blood plasma

Definition
Extracellular fluid within blood vessels.
Term

Body cavities

Definition
A space within the body that contains various internal organs.
Term

Catabolism

Definition
Chemical reactions that break down complex organic compounds into simple ones, with the net release of energy.
Term

Cells

Definition
The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; the smallest structure capable of performing all the activities vital to life.
Term

Cerebrospinal fluid

Definition
A fluid produced by ependymal cells that cover choroid plexuses in the ventricles of the brain; the fluid circulates in the ventricles, the central canal, and the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord.
Term

Control center

Definition
Part of a feedback system that sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates input from receptors, and generates output commands.
Term

Cranial cavity

Definition
A subdivision of the dorsal body cavity formed by the cranial bones and containing the brain.
Term

Diagnosis

Definition
Distinguishing one disease from another or determining the nature of a disease from signs and symptoms by inspection, palpation, laboratory tests, and other means.
Term

Diaphragm 

 

Definition
Any partition that separates one area from another, especially the dome-shaped skeletal muscle between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Also a dome-shaped device that is placed over the cervix, usually with a spermicide, to prevent conception.
Term

Differentiation

Definition
The development of a cell from an unspecialized state to a specialized state.
Term

Disease

Definition
An illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms.
Term

Effector

Definition
An organ of the body, either a muscle or a gland, that is innervated by somatic or autonomic motor neurons.
Term

Epidemiology

Definition
Study of the occurrence and transmission of diseases and disorders in human populations.
Term

Extracellular fluid

Definition
Fluid outside body cells, such as interstitial fluid and plasma.
Term

Feedback system

Definition
Cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, and reevaluated.
Term

Frontal

Definition
A plane at a right angle to a midsagittal plane that divides the body or organs into anterior and posterior portions. Also called a coronal (kō-RŌ-nal) plane.
Term

Growth

Definition
An increase in size due to an increase in (1) the number of cells, (2) the size of existing cells as internal components increase in size, or (3) the size of intercellular substances.
Term

Head

Definition
The superior part of a human, cephalic to the neck. The superior or proximal part of a structure.
Term

Homeostasis

Definition
The condition in which the body's internal environment remains relatively constant within physiological limits.
Term

Inferior

Definition
Away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure. Also called caudal (KAW-dal).
Term

Interstitial fluid

Definition
The portion of extracellular fluid that fills the microscopic spaces between the cells of tissues; the internal environment of the body. Also called intercellular or tissue fluid.
Term

Intracellular fluid

Definition
Fluid located within cells.
Term

Lower limb

Definition
The appendage attached at the pelvic (hip) girdle, consisting of the thigh, knee, leg, ankle, foot, and toes.
Term

Lymph

Definition
Fluid confined in lymphatic vessels and flowing through the lymphatic system until it is returned to the blood.
Term
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Median plane
Definition
A vertical plane dividing the body into right and left halves. Situated in the middle.
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