A thin sheet covering the anterior frontal bone and back of skull.

O: aponeurosis that extends over the top of skull

I: attaches to superior nuchal lines & soft tissue of eyebrows

A: wrinkles forehead and raises eyebrows

Paired muscles on either side of nose

O- lower margin of orbit above the infraorbital foramen

I- skin & muscle of upper lip

A- raises upper lip as in a snarl; flares nostrils in disgust

A small muscle located within upper eyelids

O- lesser wing of a sphenoid bone

I- connective tissue of upper eyelid

A- raises upper eyelid (as in surprise)

A sphincter circumscribing each orbit

O- medial margin of orbit

I- skin around eyelid

A- closes eyelids as in blinking and squinting

Extends from zygomatic bone to corner of mouth

O- zygomatic bone

I- orbicularis oris muscle at corners of mouth

A- draw angles of mouth up, as in smiling & laughing

A complicated multilayered muscle that surrounds the mouth.

O- mandible & maxilla

I- soft tissues at corners of mouth

A- closes lips, as in pouting (kissing muscles)

A horizontal muscle of the cheek; the principle cheek muscle.

O- alveolar process of mandible & maxillary bone

I- orbicularis oris, deep muscles around mouth

A- compresses cheek (produces sucking, whistling,

    blowing actions)

A sheet-like muscle that covers anterior and lateral parts of neck

O- upper thorax between cartilage od 2nd rib & acromion

    of scapula

I-mandible & muscles around mouth, chin, jaw

A- tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible (expression

    of horror)

A fan-shaped uscle on side of head

O- superior & inferior temporal lines of parietal bone

I- coronoid process of mandible

A- raises mandible (one of the muscles of mastification);

    chewing; maintains position of mandible at rest

The most powerful chewing muscle; located on side of the head

O- zygomatic arch

I- angle & ramus of mandible

A- raises mandible

A 2-headed muscle that runs diagonally below and along margins of jaw

O- 2 heads; one on manubrium, other on medial clavicle

I- mastoid process of temporal bone

A- together they flex neck; alone rotates & bends head laterally

A superficial muscle lteral to larynx & posterior to the sternocleidomastoid.

O- clavicle & manubrium

I- hyoid bone

A- depresses hyoid bone and the larynx

A superficial medial muscle layer on wall of abdomen

O- superior surface of pubis near symphysis

I- inferior surfaces of costal cartilages & xiphoid process

A- depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column

Largest and most superficial of the three layers on abdominal wall.

O- external surfaces of lower 8 ribs

I- linea alba and anterior half of iliac crest

A- compresses abdominopelvic cavity, assists in flexing

    and rotating vertebral column

Lies immediately under the external oblique

O- iliac crest, lumbodorsal ligament

I- linea alba, pubic crest, lower 4 ribs

A- compresses abdominopelvic cavity, assists in flexing & rotating vertebral column

The innermost muscle of abdominal wall.

O- iliac crest, costal cartilage of lower 6 ribs, thoraco-lumbar fascia

I- linea alba & pubic crest

A- compresses abdominopelvic cavity 

A dome-shaped muscle separating thoracic from abdominal cavities.

O- xiphoid process, inner surfaces of lower 6 ribs, lumbar

    vertebrae

I- central tendon of diaphragm

A- increases volume of thoracic cavity, causing

    inspiration

A large triangular muscle over the upper shoulder and neck.

O- occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processof

     thoracic vertebrae

I- outer third of clavicle, scapular spine and acromion

A- variable: adducts, raises & rotates scapula, draws

    head backward

A large muscle beneath the trapezius 

O- spinous process of thoracic vertebrae

I- vertebral border of scapula

A- adducts and rotates the scapula

A thick, multipennate muscle; principle muscle of shoulder

O- lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion process & spine of scapula

I- deltoid tuberosity of humerus

A- abducts arm

A thick, fan-shaped muscle covering upper part of chest

O- medial 1/2 of clavicle, body of sternum, cartilages ribs 2-6

I- intertubercular sulcus of humerus 

A- flexes, adducts, medially rotates arm

A flat, thin muscle deep to the pectoralis major.

O- ventral surface of ribs 3-5

I- coracoid process of scapula

A- draws scapula forward and down, with some rotation

This muscle covers upper and lateral surfaces of ribs.

O- outer surface of ribs 1-9

I- ventral surface of scapula near vertebral border

A- pulls scapula forward and toward chest wall; protracts

    shoulder

A broad, flat, triangular muscle covering lumbar area of the back.

O- ribs 8-12; spinous processes of lower thoracic &

    lumbar vertebrae

I- intertubercular groove of humerus

A- extends, adducts, medially rotates arm

An upper shoulder muscle completely covered by trapezius nd deltoid

O- supraspinous fossa of scapula

I- greater tubercle of humerus

A- abducts arm

A lower shoulder muscle completely covered by trapezius and deltoid.

O- infraspinous fossa of scapula

I- greater tubercle of humerus

A- lateral rotation & slight adduction of humerus

A large, 2-headed muscle on anterior surface of humerus.

O- long head on supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, short head on coracoid process of scapula

I- radial tuberosity

A- flexes & supinates forearm

The only muscle on back surface of upper arm; 3-headed

O- long head on infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, middle and lateral heads on posterior surface of humerus

I- olecranon process of ulna

A- extends forearm

A small, cylindrical muscle under biceps brachii.

O- coracoid process of scapula

I- medial margin of humerus

A- adducts & flexes humerus

A strong muscle under biceps brachii, on distal anterior surface of humerus.

O- anterior surface of distal half of humerus

I- ulnar tuberosity

A- flexes forearm

A superficial muscle on lateral surface of forearm.

O- lateral epicondyle of humerus

I- styloid process of radius

A- flexes forearm

A 2-headed muscle; runs diagonaly from elbow. 

O- medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid process of ulna

I- distal lateral surface of radius

A- pronates forearm

Extends diagonally across the anterior part of the forearm from the end of the humerus to the hand.

O- medial epicondyle of humerus

I- ventral surface of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals

A- flexes & abducts the hand

A small, fleshy muscle with a long insertion tendon; medial to flexor carpi radialis.

O- medial epicondyle of humerus

I- palmar aponeurosis

A- flexes hand

A 2-headed muscle medial to palmaris longus.

O- medial epicondyle of humerus & olecranon process of ulna

I- pisiform, hamate & base of 5th metacarpal

A- flexion & adduction of hand

The muscle covers most of posterior surface of ulna

O- lateral epicondyle of humerus

I- base of 5th metacarpal

A- extends & adducts hand

A large muscle that lies lateral to the extensor carpi ulnaris. 

O- lateral epicondyle of humerus

I- dorsal surface of phalanges of 2nd - 5th fingers

A- extend fingers (except thumb) & hand

A small, rather deep muscle lateral to the extensor digitorum. 

O- lateral epicondyle of humerus

I- base of 3rd metacarpal

A- extends & abducts hand

A large narrow muscle partially covering the extensor carpi radialis brevis.

O- lateral ridge of humerus

I- base of 2nd metacarpal

A- extends & abducts hand

A large superficial muscle of buttocks region; forms bulk of buttocks.

O- iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx

I- gluteal tuberosity of femur & iliotibial tract

A- extends & laterally rotates high

This muscle lies immediately under gluteus maximus.

O- external surface of ilium

I- greater trochanter of femur

A- abducts & medially rotates high 

A small lateral upper thigh muscle. 

O- iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine

I- iliotibial tract

A- flexes thigh, rotates thigh medially

Best located deep within the body cavity against lower vertebrae.

O- transverse process of T12-L5

I- lesser trochanter of femur

A- flexes & laterally rotates thigh

A long, thin, strap-like muscle; runs diagonal over anterior thigh.

O- anterior superior iliac spine

I- medial tibial surface

A- flexes leg, flexes & laterally rotates thigh

One of the quadriceps muscle; superficial and central.

O- anterior inferior iliac spine above acetabulum

I- tibial tuberosity

A- extends leg, flexes thigh

A quadriceps muscle; deep muscle of quads on anterior surface of femur.

O- anterior surface of femur shaft

I- tibial tuberosity

A- extends leg

A quadriceps muscle; lateral muscle of quads.

O- greater trochanter, linea aspera of femur

I- tibial tuberosity

A- extends leg

A quadriceps muscle; medial muscle of quads. 

O- linea aspera of femur

I- tibial tuberosity

A- extends leg

Gracilis

A long, thin, superficial muscle on inner surface of thigh.

O- lower margin of pubic bone

I- medial surface of tibia

A- flexes & adduction of thigh, flexes leg

The most lateral hamstring muscle. 

O- long head on ischial tuberosity, short head on linea aspera of femur

I- head of fibula

A- flexes leg, extends & laterally rotates high

Semitendinosus

A posterior thigh muscle, medial to biceps femoris with obvious tendon.

O- ischial tuberosity

I- proximal end of shaft of tibia 

A- flexes & medially rotates leg, extends thigh

The most medial of hamstrings; partially within connective tissue membrane. 

O- ischial tuberosity

I- posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

A- flexes & medially rotates leg, extends thigh

The most superficial muscle covering calf.

O- medial & lateral condyles of femur

I- calcaneus 

A- flexes leg; plantar flexes foot; standing on tiptoe

A deep muscle of calf.

O- head & shaft of fibula & shaft of tibia

I- calcaneus

A- plantar flexes, inverts & adducts foot 

A superficial muscle of anterior leg; parallels anterior margin of tibia.

O- lateral condyle & proximal shaft of tibia

I- 1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform

A- dorsiflexes & inverts foot at ankle

A superficial lateral muscle that overlies the fibula.

O- head & upper portion of fibula

I- 1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform via long tendon

    that passes under the foot

A- plantar flexes & everts foot; helps keep foot flat on

    ground